Applications of the Concept of Rate of Reaction

4.3 Applications of the Concept of Rate of Reaction
 
Haber process
 
Combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen into ammonia, condition needed:
Condition Needed

Haber process

Contact process
 

Sulphur is burnt in an excess of air to produce sulphur dioxide gas

 \(\text {S + O}_2\) → \(\text {SO}_2\)

Sulphur dioxide gas mixed with an excess of air at a temperature of 450 °C and a pressure of 1 atm is passed over vanadium(v) oxide to produce sulphur trioxide gas

 \(\text {2SO}_2 + \text {O}_2\) ⇔ \(\text {2SO}_3\)

Sulphur trioxide gas is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to produce oleum

   \(\text {2SO}_3 + \text {H}_2 \text{SO}_4\) → \(\text {H}_2 \text S_2 \text O_7\)

Oleum is diluted with water to produce concentrated sulphuric acid

 \(\text {H}_2 \text S_2 \text O_7 + \text H_2 \text O\) → \(\text {2H}_2 \text{SO}_4\)

Contact process

 

Applications of the Concept of Rate of Reaction

4.3 Applications of the Concept of Rate of Reaction
 
Haber process
 
Combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen into ammonia, condition needed:
Condition Needed

Haber process

Contact process
 

Sulphur is burnt in an excess of air to produce sulphur dioxide gas

 \(\text {S + O}_2\) → \(\text {SO}_2\)

Sulphur dioxide gas mixed with an excess of air at a temperature of 450 °C and a pressure of 1 atm is passed over vanadium(v) oxide to produce sulphur trioxide gas

 \(\text {2SO}_2 + \text {O}_2\) ⇔ \(\text {2SO}_3\)

Sulphur trioxide gas is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to produce oleum

   \(\text {2SO}_3 + \text {H}_2 \text{SO}_4\) → \(\text {H}_2 \text S_2 \text O_7\)

Oleum is diluted with water to produce concentrated sulphuric acid

 \(\text {H}_2 \text S_2 \text O_7 + \text H_2 \text O\) → \(\text {2H}_2 \text{SO}_4\)

Contact process