Balanced Diet and Calorific Value

2.1 Balanced Diet and Calorific Value
 
Health problems caused by malnutrition
 

Malnutrition

 
Calorific value
Calorific value of food: the amount of energy that is released from the complete oxidation or combustion of 1 g of that food.
 
Unit calorie

 \(\text {1 calorie (cal)} \)\(\text {= 4.2 joules (J)}\)

\(\text {1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 4 200 joules (J)}\)

                            

 
Calorific values of carbohydrate, fat and protein
Class of food

Calorific value (\(\text {kJ } \text{g}^{-1}\))

Carbohydrate 16.7
Fat 37.6
Protein 16.7
 
 
Effects of consuming total calories that do not meet individual requirement
Health problem Cause and effect
Obesiti

Consuming food with high calorific value excessively over long periods of time can causes:

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Arteriosclerosis

  • High blood pressure

Anorexia nervosa

Individual's refusal to eat due to worries of gaining weight can causes:

  • Malnutrition
Atherosclerosis

Cholesterol deposition on the artery walls can causes:

  • High blood pressure

  • Heart diseases

  • Stroke

Diabetes mellitus

Consuming food and drinks high in sugar over long periods of time:

  • Affects vision, kidney and the various system

  • Slow recovery of wounds

High blood pressure

Consuming food with high salt content over long periods of time can causes

  • Risk of heart diseases

  • Stroke

 
Eating patterns and effects on their health
Eating patterns Effects of health
Excessive sugar
  • Obesity
  • Tooth decay
  • Diabetes mellitus
Absence of beneficial nutrients
  • Malnutrition
Artificial colouring and sweeteners
  • Cancer
  • Infertility
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Damage to liver and kidneys
Excessive salt
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart diseases
  • Damage to kidneys
Caffeine in carbonated drinks
  • Insomnia 
  • Anxiety
  • Addiction

 

 

Balanced Diet and Calorific Value

2.1 Balanced Diet and Calorific Value
 
Health problems caused by malnutrition
 

Malnutrition

 
Calorific value
Calorific value of food: the amount of energy that is released from the complete oxidation or combustion of 1 g of that food.
 
Unit calorie

 \(\text {1 calorie (cal)} \)\(\text {= 4.2 joules (J)}\)

\(\text {1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 4 200 joules (J)}\)

                            

 
Calorific values of carbohydrate, fat and protein
Class of food

Calorific value (\(\text {kJ } \text{g}^{-1}\))

Carbohydrate 16.7
Fat 37.6
Protein 16.7
 
 
Effects of consuming total calories that do not meet individual requirement
Health problem Cause and effect
Obesiti

Consuming food with high calorific value excessively over long periods of time can causes:

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Arteriosclerosis

  • High blood pressure

Anorexia nervosa

Individual's refusal to eat due to worries of gaining weight can causes:

  • Malnutrition
Atherosclerosis

Cholesterol deposition on the artery walls can causes:

  • High blood pressure

  • Heart diseases

  • Stroke

Diabetes mellitus

Consuming food and drinks high in sugar over long periods of time:

  • Affects vision, kidney and the various system

  • Slow recovery of wounds

High blood pressure

Consuming food with high salt content over long periods of time can causes

  • Risk of heart diseases

  • Stroke

 
Eating patterns and effects on their health
Eating patterns Effects of health
Excessive sugar
  • Obesity
  • Tooth decay
  • Diabetes mellitus
Absence of beneficial nutrients
  • Malnutrition
Artificial colouring and sweeteners
  • Cancer
  • Infertility
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Damage to liver and kidneys
Excessive salt
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart diseases
  • Damage to kidneys
Caffeine in carbonated drinks
  • Insomnia 
  • Anxiety
  • Addiction