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2.1 |
Balanced Diet and Calorific Value |
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1. Health problems caused by malnutrition
- Goitre
- Marasmus
- Scurvy
- Kwashiorkor
- Rickets
2. Calorific value of food: the amount of energy that is released from the complete oxidation or combustion of 1 g of that food
3. Unit of calorific value
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Calorific value |
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\(\text {1 calorie (cal)} \) \(\text {= 4.2 joules (J)}\)
\(\text {1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 4 200 joules (J)}\)
\(\text {= 4.2 kilojoules (kJ)}\)
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4. Calorific values of carbohydrate, fat and protein |
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Class of food |
Carbohydrate |
Fat |
Protein |
Calorific value (\(\text {kJ } \text{g}^{-1}\)) |
16.7 |
37.6 |
16.7 |
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5. Effects of consuming total calories that do not meet individual requirement |
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Health problem |
Cause |
Effect |
Obesity |
Consuming food with high calorific value excessively over long periods of time |
- Diabetes mellitus
- Arteriosclerosis
- High blood pressure
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Anorexia nervosa |
Individual's refusal to eat due to worries of gaining weight |
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Atherosclerosis |
Cholesterol deposition on the artery walls |
- High blood pressure
- Heart diseases
- Stroke
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Diabetes mellitus |
Consuming food and drinks high in sugar over long periods of time |
- Affects vision, kidney and the various system
- Slow recovery of wounds
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High blood pressure |
Consuming food with high salt content over long periods of time |
- Risk of heart diseases
- Stroke
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6. Eating patterns and effects on their health |
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Eating patterns |
Effects of health |
Excessive sugar |
- Obesity
- Tooth decay
- Diabetes mellitus
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Absence of beneficial nutrients |
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Artificial colouring and sweeteners |
- Cancer
- Infertility
- Diabetes mellitus
- Damage to liver and kidneys
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Excessive salt |
- High blood pressure
- Heart diseases
- Damage to kidneys
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Caffeine in carbonated drinks |
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Addiction
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