Carbohydrates

 
4.2 Carbohydrates
 
  1. Consists of elements such as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  2. Several types of carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
 
Monosaccharides
 
  • The monomer of carbohydrates.
  • Example: glucose, fructose and galactose.
 
 
Disaccharides
 
  • Consists of two monosaccharides linked together through condensation.
  • Disaccharide molecule can be broken down into monosaccharide through hydrolysis.
 
  Disaccharide   Monomer
Maltose Glucose + glucose
Sucrose Glucose + fructose
Lactose   Glucose + galactose  
 
 
Polysaccharides
 
  • The polymer of carbohydrates.
  • Linked through condensation reactions of monomers to form a long chain of molecules.
  • Example: starch, glycogen and cellulose.