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| 1.2 |
Safety and Rules in Biological Laboratory |
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| Self-protection equipment: |
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| Self-protection equipment |
Descriptions and functions |
| Gloves |
- Made from latex/rubber/plastics.
- Protects the hands from heat and dangerous chemical substances; strong acid and strong alkali.
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| Lab coat and lab shoes |
- Lab coat: aids to protect the skin and clothes from chemicals spillage.
- Lab shoes: protects the legs from chemical spillage and broken glass.
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| Goggle and face mask |
- Protects the face and eyes from chemicals splash and protects from inhaling chemicals that can interrupt the respiratory system.
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| Handwash |
- Washing both hands before leaving the lab is a must.
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| Eye washer |
- Contains salt solution used to wash the eyes if chemical substances/foreign particles get into the eyes.
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| Fume hood |
- Station for work that involved with fumes or toxic gas; chlorine, bromine and nitrogen dioxide.
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| Emergency shower station |
- Station used to wash the hand and body when someone exposed to dangerous chemicals.
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| Laminar flow cabinet |
- Station for work involved with plant tissue culture, medium preparation that provides a sterile environment to the workplace.
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| Biosafety cabinet |
- Station for work involved with bacteria, fungi and virus cultures helps to prevent the cultures from contaminating the environment.
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| Substances that cannot thrown in the sink: |
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- Chemical substances, glass, metals, plastics, woods or any solid substances.
- Grease, oil and oil paint.
- Toxic substances; benzene, chloroform, hydrogen cyanide, argentum.
- Heavy metals; mercury, lead, cadmium.
- Radioactive wastes.
- Reactive substances that are unstable; sodium metal, ether, hydrogen peroxide.
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Substances that can be thrown in the sink: |
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- Any liquid/solution that has low concentration, not dangerous and biodegradable.
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Methods of handling biological wastes: |
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| Waste category |
Example |
Methods of handling |
| Sharp waste |
Syringe with needle, needle, glass and scalple |
Throw it in the sharp-bin waste |
| Non-sharp waste |
Gloves, tissue paper, Petri dish, agar, culture waste |
Throw it in the biohazard bag, sterilize it and throw it in the biohazard bin |
| Animal carcass |
Organs, animal tissue waste, carcass |
Wrap it with tissue paper, put it in the biohazard bag and freeze it |
| Liquid |
Broth culture, liquid media, blood and blood product |
Decontaminate the waste through autoclave before throw it in the biohazard bin |
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| Accidents in the laboratory: |
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| Steps to handle general chemical spills |
- Inform your teacher
- Declare the spill area as a restricted zone.
- Prevent the chemical spill from spreading using sand.
- Scoop up the chemical spill from using appropriate equipment.
- Dispose it safely.
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| Steps to handle mercury spills |
- Inform your teacher
- Declare the spill area as a restricted zone.
- Sprinkle sulphur to cover the mercury spills
- Call the fire and rescue department.
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| Practices in a biological laboratory: |
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| Practices |
Explainations |
| Clothing ethics |
- Use a lab coat,gloves,safety shoes and goggles when appropriate.
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| Laboratory safety rules |
- Do not work alone in the laboratory without supervision.
- Wash your hand after conducting an experiment.
- Do not bring in irrelevant items into the laboratory.
- Clean your workstation using disinfectant.
- Dispose wastes according to the set procedures.
- Do not eat and drink in the laboratory.
- Identify all safety symbols on substances and equipment before use.
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| Safety measures for fires |
- Stop work immediately and switch off all nearby power sources.
- Unplug appliances
- Exit the laboratory according to the emergency exit plan.
- Call the fire and rescue department.
- Do not panic and stay calm.
- Do not turn back to collect your belongings.
- Assemble at the assembly point.
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| Handling glass and chemicals |
- Be cautions when handling hot glassware.
- Report any damaged equipment or glassware to teachers immediately.
- Keep flammable chemicals away from fire sources.
- Do not touch,taste and smell chemicals directly.
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| Handling live specimens |
- Use appropriate gloves when handling biological specimens.
- Speciements that are not harmful and have been dissected should be buried or frozen.
- Wash hands with antiseptic detergents before and after experiment.
- All surafaces and workstations should be cleaned with disinfectant before leaving the lab.
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| Emergency help |
- Inform your teacher
- Call the fire and rescue emergency number.
- Remove the victim from the scene.
- Give emergency treatment.
- Make the place of accident as a restricted area.
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