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Neutralisation

 
6.7  Neutralisation
 
Definition of Neutralisation
The reaction of an acid with base or alkali that forms salt and water.
 
Examples of Neutralisation Reaction
  • \(HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
  • \(H_2SO_4 + CuO \rightarrow CuSO_4 + H_2O\)
  • \(2HNO_3 + Ca(OH)_2 \rightarrow Ca(NO_3)_2 + H_2O\)
 
This image is a flowchart illustrating the application of neutralisation in daily life. It is divided into three main categories: Industry, Agriculture, and Health. - **Industry**: Calcium carbonate is used to remove acidic gas such as sulphur dioxide before it is released into the air. - **Agriculture**: Lime or calcium carbonate is used to neutralise acidic soil. - **Health**: Antacids and milk of magnesia are used to neutralise the excess hydrochloric acid in the stomachs of gastric patients. The flowchart is visually organized with blue and red boxes connected by lines, and it includes the logo of Pandai at the bottom left.
 
Definition of Titration Method
A quantitative analysis method to determine the volume of acid needed to completely neutralise a given volume of alkali and vice versa.
 
Acid-Base Titration
  • In acid-base titration, a solution of known concentration is slowly added from a burette into a conical flask that contains a volume of alkali of unknown concentration.
  • Titration stops as soon as the acid-base indicator changes colour.
  • The point in the titration at which the acid-base indicator changes colour is known as the end point.
 
Apparatus Setup for Titration

This image depicts a laboratory setup for a titration experiment. The setup includes: - A **retort stand** holding a **burette** filled with **acid**. - Below the burette, there is a **conical flask** containing a **base and indicator**. - The conical flask is placed on a **white tile** to observe the color change during the titration process.
 
The Common Indicators used in Acid-Base Titration
Indicator Phenolphthalein Methyl Orange
Colour in alkali Light pink Yellow
Colour in neutral solution Colourless Orange
Colour in acid Colourless Red
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.

Neutralisation

 
6.7  Neutralisation
 
Definition of Neutralisation
The reaction of an acid with base or alkali that forms salt and water.
 
Examples of Neutralisation Reaction
  • \(HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
  • \(H_2SO_4 + CuO \rightarrow CuSO_4 + H_2O\)
  • \(2HNO_3 + Ca(OH)_2 \rightarrow Ca(NO_3)_2 + H_2O\)
 
This image is a flowchart illustrating the application of neutralisation in daily life. It is divided into three main categories: Industry, Agriculture, and Health. - **Industry**: Calcium carbonate is used to remove acidic gas such as sulphur dioxide before it is released into the air. - **Agriculture**: Lime or calcium carbonate is used to neutralise acidic soil. - **Health**: Antacids and milk of magnesia are used to neutralise the excess hydrochloric acid in the stomachs of gastric patients. The flowchart is visually organized with blue and red boxes connected by lines, and it includes the logo of Pandai at the bottom left.
 
Definition of Titration Method
A quantitative analysis method to determine the volume of acid needed to completely neutralise a given volume of alkali and vice versa.
 
Acid-Base Titration
  • In acid-base titration, a solution of known concentration is slowly added from a burette into a conical flask that contains a volume of alkali of unknown concentration.
  • Titration stops as soon as the acid-base indicator changes colour.
  • The point in the titration at which the acid-base indicator changes colour is known as the end point.
 
Apparatus Setup for Titration

This image depicts a laboratory setup for a titration experiment. The setup includes: - A **retort stand** holding a **burette** filled with **acid**. - Below the burette, there is a **conical flask** containing a **base and indicator**. - The conical flask is placed on a **white tile** to observe the color change during the titration process.
 
The Common Indicators used in Acid-Base Titration
Indicator Phenolphthalein Methyl Orange
Colour in alkali Light pink Yellow
Colour in neutral solution Colourless Orange
Colour in acid Colourless Red
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.
Chapter : Acids, Bases and Salts
Topic : Neutralisation
Form 4 Chemistry
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