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Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis

 
6.4  Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis
 
The image is an infographic titled ‘Chemical Properties of Acids.’ It features four blue circles connected to a central circle. The central circle contains the title. The surrounding circles list properties: ‘Acid tastes sour,’ ‘Turns blue litmus paper red,’ ‘The pH value is less than 7,’ and ‘Corrosive.’ The design includes arrows pointing from the central circle to each property. The ‘Pandai’ logo is at the bottom.
 
Investigating the Chemical Properties of Acids
The Reaction of an Acid with a Base Produces Salt and Water

 

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide
\(HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) \rightarrow NaCl(aq) + H_2O(l)\)

 
The Reaction of an Acid with a Reactive Metal Produces Salt and Hydrogen Gas

 

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Zinc
\(2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) \rightarrow ZnCl_2(aq) + H_2(g)\)

 
The Reaction of an Acid with a Metal Carbonate Produces Salt, Water and Carbon Dioxide

 

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Calcium Carbonate
\(2HCl(aq) + CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + H_2O(l)+ CO_2(g)\)

 
 
Chemical Properties of Alkalis
  • Alkali is bitter in taste and feels soapy.
  • Turns red litmus paper blue
  • The alkali has a pH value of more than 7
  • Alkali reacts with an acid to produce salt and water.
  • When alkali is heated with ammonia salt, it produces ammonia gas.
 
Investigating the Chemical Properties of Alkalis
The Reaction of an Akali with an Acid Produces Salt and Water 

 

Reaction of  Potassium Hydroxide with Sulfuric Acid 
\(2KOH(aq) + H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow K_2SO_4(aq) + 2H_2O(l)\)

 
The Reaction of Alkali with an Ammonium Salt Produces Salt, Water and Ammonia Gas

 

Reaction of Potassium Hydroxide with Ammonium Chloride
\(KOH(aq) + NH_4Cl(aq) \rightarrow KCl(aq) + H_2O(l) + NH_3(g)\)

 
The Reaction of Alkali with a Metal Ion Produces Insoluble Metal Hydroxide and Cation of the Alkali

 

Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide with Magnesium Ion
\(2NaOH(aq) + Mg^{2+}(aq) \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2(aq) + 2Na^+(aq)\)

 
 

 

 


 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.

Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis

 
6.4  Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis
 
The image is an infographic titled ‘Chemical Properties of Acids.’ It features four blue circles connected to a central circle. The central circle contains the title. The surrounding circles list properties: ‘Acid tastes sour,’ ‘Turns blue litmus paper red,’ ‘The pH value is less than 7,’ and ‘Corrosive.’ The design includes arrows pointing from the central circle to each property. The ‘Pandai’ logo is at the bottom.
 
Investigating the Chemical Properties of Acids
The Reaction of an Acid with a Base Produces Salt and Water

 

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide
\(HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) \rightarrow NaCl(aq) + H_2O(l)\)

 
The Reaction of an Acid with a Reactive Metal Produces Salt and Hydrogen Gas

 

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Zinc
\(2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) \rightarrow ZnCl_2(aq) + H_2(g)\)

 
The Reaction of an Acid with a Metal Carbonate Produces Salt, Water and Carbon Dioxide

 

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Calcium Carbonate
\(2HCl(aq) + CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + H_2O(l)+ CO_2(g)\)

 
 
Chemical Properties of Alkalis
  • Alkali is bitter in taste and feels soapy.
  • Turns red litmus paper blue
  • The alkali has a pH value of more than 7
  • Alkali reacts with an acid to produce salt and water.
  • When alkali is heated with ammonia salt, it produces ammonia gas.
 
Investigating the Chemical Properties of Alkalis
The Reaction of an Akali with an Acid Produces Salt and Water 

 

Reaction of  Potassium Hydroxide with Sulfuric Acid 
\(2KOH(aq) + H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow K_2SO_4(aq) + 2H_2O(l)\)

 
The Reaction of Alkali with an Ammonium Salt Produces Salt, Water and Ammonia Gas

 

Reaction of Potassium Hydroxide with Ammonium Chloride
\(KOH(aq) + NH_4Cl(aq) \rightarrow KCl(aq) + H_2O(l) + NH_3(g)\)

 
The Reaction of Alkali with a Metal Ion Produces Insoluble Metal Hydroxide and Cation of the Alkali

 

Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide with Magnesium Ion
\(2NaOH(aq) + Mg^{2+}(aq) \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2(aq) + 2Na^+(aq)\)

 
 

 

 


 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.
Chapter : Acids, Bases and Salts
Topic : Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis
Form 4 Chemistry
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