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Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
2.2
Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
Introduction
Unicellular organisms
are made up of only one cell.
Amoeba
sp.
Amoeba
sp. constantly changes its shape when it encounters obstacles.
Amoeba
sp. moves by extending out its pseudopodium (false feet) and is followed by the flow of cytoplasm into the extended pseudopodium.
Amoeba
sp. responds to stimuli such as chemicals, touch or bright light by moving away from the stimuli.
Amoeba
sp. moves towards food by extending its pseudopodium to trap food particles by phagocytosis.
The food vacuole is combined with lysosome.
The food particles are hydrolysed by the enzyme lysozyme in the lysosomes.
The nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm.
Undigested food is discharged when the Amoeba sp. moves.
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion on the surface of the cell.
Ameoba
sp. grow by synthesising new cytoplasm.
Waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed by diffusion.
As
Amoeba
sp. live in freshwater environments, water will diffuse by osmosis and fill the contractile vacuole.
When the vacuole expands to the maximum size, contraction occurs and water is excreted from time to time.
This process is called osmoregulation.
When the conditions are suitable and there is plenty of food, Amoeba sp. will reproduce via asexual reproduction that is binary fission through mitosis.
However, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as dry conditions, low temperature and food shortage, the
Amoeba
sp. forms spores that will only germinate when the environment improves.
Paramecium
sp.
Paramecium
sp. moves using rhythmic cilia beats.
Paramecium
sp. respond to stimuli such as chemicals, touch or bright light by moving away from the stimuli.
Paramecium
sp. the presence of cilium beat helps transfer food particles into the oral groove.
The food vacuole is combined with lysosome.
The food particles are hydrolysed by the enzyme lysozyme in the lysosomes.
The nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm.
Undigested food in the Paramecium sp. is discharged through the anus.
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion on the surface of the cell.
Paramecium
sp. grows by synthesising new cytoplasm.
Waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed by diffusion.
As
Paramecium
sp. live in freshwater environments, water will diffuse by osmosis and fill the contractile vacuole.
When the vacuole expands to the maximum size, contraction occurs and water is excreted from time to time.
This process is called osmoregulation.
When the conditions are suitable and there is plenty of food,
Paramecium
sp. will reproduce via asexual reproduction that is binary fission through mitosis.
However, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as dry conditions, low temperature and food shortage, for
Paramecium
sp., sexual reproduction, that is conjugation occurs when environmental conditions are not suitable.
Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
2.2
Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
Introduction
Unicellular organisms
are made up of only one cell.
Amoeba
sp.
Amoeba
sp. constantly changes its shape when it encounters obstacles.
Amoeba
sp. moves by extending out its pseudopodium (false feet) and is followed by the flow of cytoplasm into the extended pseudopodium.
Amoeba
sp. responds to stimuli such as chemicals, touch or bright light by moving away from the stimuli.
Amoeba
sp. moves towards food by extending its pseudopodium to trap food particles by phagocytosis.
The food vacuole is combined with lysosome.
The food particles are hydrolysed by the enzyme lysozyme in the lysosomes.
The nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm.
Undigested food is discharged when the Amoeba sp. moves.
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion on the surface of the cell.
Ameoba
sp. grow by synthesising new cytoplasm.
Waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed by diffusion.
As
Amoeba
sp. live in freshwater environments, water will diffuse by osmosis and fill the contractile vacuole.
When the vacuole expands to the maximum size, contraction occurs and water is excreted from time to time.
This process is called osmoregulation.
When the conditions are suitable and there is plenty of food, Amoeba sp. will reproduce via asexual reproduction that is binary fission through mitosis.
However, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as dry conditions, low temperature and food shortage, the
Amoeba
sp. forms spores that will only germinate when the environment improves.
Paramecium
sp.
Paramecium
sp. moves using rhythmic cilia beats.
Paramecium
sp. respond to stimuli such as chemicals, touch or bright light by moving away from the stimuli.
Paramecium
sp. the presence of cilium beat helps transfer food particles into the oral groove.
The food vacuole is combined with lysosome.
The food particles are hydrolysed by the enzyme lysozyme in the lysosomes.
The nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm.
Undigested food in the Paramecium sp. is discharged through the anus.
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion on the surface of the cell.
Paramecium
sp. grows by synthesising new cytoplasm.
Waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed by diffusion.
As
Paramecium
sp. live in freshwater environments, water will diffuse by osmosis and fill the contractile vacuole.
When the vacuole expands to the maximum size, contraction occurs and water is excreted from time to time.
This process is called osmoregulation.
When the conditions are suitable and there is plenty of food,
Paramecium
sp. will reproduce via asexual reproduction that is binary fission through mitosis.
However, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as dry conditions, low temperature and food shortage, for
Paramecium
sp., sexual reproduction, that is conjugation occurs when environmental conditions are not suitable.
Chapter : Cell Biology and Cell Organisation
Topic : Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
Form 4
Biology
View all notes for Biology Form 4
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