In this chapter on Variation, we will be learning about different types and factors of variation. We will understand what variation means and why it is important for the survival of species. We will also explore variation in humans and how it is related to inheritance. Through experiments, we will study continuous and discontinuous variations in humans. Additionally, we will learn about mutations and their meanings, such as mutagens, mutations, and mutants. We will also identify different types of mutagens, including physical, chemical, and biological agents.
• Explain the meaning of variation
• Justify the necessity of variation for species survival
• Describe the types of variation: (i) continuous variation. (ii) discontinuous variation
• Compare and contrast continuous variation with discontinuous variation
• Correlate the cause of variation with the type of variation: (i) genetic factors. - crossing over - independent arrangement of chromosomes - random fertilization - mutation. (ii) environmental factors. - temperature - light - pH
• Describe the variation that results from the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors
• Correlate the types of variation to human inheritance
• Experiments to study continuous variation and discontinuous variation in humans within humans
• Explain the meaning of: (i) mutagen. (ii) mutation. (iii) mutants
• Describe the types of mutagens: (i) physical agents. (ii) chemical agents. (iii) biological agents
• Describe the types of mutations with examples: (i) gene mutation. (ii) chromosomal mutation
• Correlate the somatic cell and gamete cell mutations with variation
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