In this chapter, we will learn about transportation in humans and animals. We will start the lesson by understanding the different types of circulatory systems and why they are necessary for complex multicellular organisms. We will also learn about the substances that are transported by the circulatory system which are substances required by cells and waste products. Next, we will focus on the circulatory system of humans. We will study the components of the human circulatory system, such as the heart, blood vessels, and blood. We will also explore the composition of blood, including blood plasma and blood cells. Moving on, we will delve into the mechanism of heartbeat including the sinoatrial node (pacemaker), atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibres. We will also discuss the forces that cause blood to circulate in humans, such as the pumping of the heart and the contraction of skeletal muscles.
Lastly, we will study the mechanism of blood clotting. We will understand why blood clotting is necessary and learn about the process of blood clotting. By the end of this chapter, we will have a comprehensive understanding of how transportation occurs in humans and animals, including the circulatory system, heartbeat mechanism, and blood clotting.
• Justify the necessity of transport systems in complex multicellular organisms
• Identify substances that are transported by the transport system: (i) substances required by a cell. (ii) waste products of a cell
• Conceptualise types of circulatory system in complex multicellular organisms. (i) open circulatory system. (ii) closed circulatory system
• Compare and contrast circulatory systems in complex multicellular organisms: (i) insects. (ii) fish. (iii) amphibians. (iv) humans
• Describe components of the human circulatory system: (i) heart. (ii) blood vessel. (iii) blood.
• Explain the composition of blood: (i) blood plasma. (ii) blood cells
• Compare and contrast the types of blood vessels: (i) artery. (ii) vein. (iii) capillary
• Label the structure of a human heart and associated blood vessels: (i) aorta. (ii) vena cava. (iii) pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. (iv) coronary artery and coronary vein. (v) semilunar valve. (vi) bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve. (vii) septum.
• Describe the functions of parts of the heart
• Describe the human heart beat mechanism: (i) sinoatrial node (pacemaker) . (ii) atrioventricular node. (iii) bundle of His. (iv) Purkinje fibres
• Communicate about forces that cause the blood to circulate in humans: (i) pumping of the heart. (ii) contraction of skeletal muscles
• Justify the necessity for blood clotting mechanism
• Describe blood clotting mechanism
• Describe health issues related to blood clotting: (i) thrombosis, (ii) embolism, (iii) haemophilia
• Describe ABO blood group
• Correlate ABO blood group with blood donation
• Describe Rhesus factor
• Reason out incompatibility of Rhesus factor in pregnancies
• Justify the necessity for a healthy circulatory system
• Communicate about cardiovascular diseases
• Synthesise the process of formation of tissue fluid and lymph
• Compare and contrast the contents of lymph and: (i) tissue fluid. (ii) blood
• Describe components of the lymphatic system: (i) lymph. (ii) lymphatic capillaries. (iii) lymphatic vessels. (iv) lymph nodes. (v) lymphatic organs
• Justify the necessity of the lymphatic system: (i) complements the blood circulatory system. (ii) transports lipid soluble substances. (iii) body defence
• Describe health issues related to the lymphatic system
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