In this chapter, we will learn about the nutrition and digestive system of humans. We will start by identifying the structures of the human digestive system. Next, we will explore the different types of digestion, including physical and chemical digestion. We will also analyze the process and products of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. Moving on, we will study and focus on the structure of a villus in the ileum. We will discuss the adaptations of the ileum and villus in the absorption of digested food. Lastly, we will delve into assimilation. We will describe the roles of the circulatory system in the assimilation of digested food. Additionally, we will discuss the functions of the liver in assimilation, including the metabolism of digested food, storage of nutrients, and detoxification. By the end of this chapter, we will have a comprehensive understanding of the nutrition and digestive system of humans and how our bodies process and utilize food for energy and growth.
• Identify structures of the human digestive system
• Describe the types of digestion: (i) physical digestion. (ii) chemical digestion
• Analyse the process and products of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
• Analyse the process and products of protein digestion in the stomach
• Describe the digestions of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the small intestine
• Conduct experiments to study digestions of starch, proteins and lipids in food samples
• Identify the structure of a villus in the ileum
• Communicate about the adaptations of ileum and villus in the absorption of digested food
• Describe the roles of the circulatory system in assimilation of digested food
• Discuss the functions of liver in assimilation of digested food: (i) metabolisms of digested food (carbohydrates and proteins), (ii) storage of nutrients, (iii) detoxification
• Explain the functions of the large intestine: (i) absorption of water and vitamins, (ii) formation of faeces
• Conduct an experiment to study the energy values in food samples
• Conduct an experiment to determine the contents of vitamin C in fruit or vegetables juices
• Justify the modification of diets for individuals that: (i) experience obesity. (ii) experience a specific disease - diabetes mellitus. - cardiovascular. - cancer
• Predict the effects of modifying digestive organs on human health
• Outline health issues related to defecation
• Correlate health issues that are related to eating habits
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