Renewable energy such as;

• solar
• hydro
• geothermal
• wind

Waste Management

• Rapid developments and growth in population have contributed to large quantities of generated solid waste or rubbish.
• If not properly managed, the quality of life and public health will be affected.
• Waste management does not only involve local authorities, but all communities also need to play a role in ensuring the effectiveness of waste management, especially solid wastes.
• Leachate is contaminated liquid produced from water leached from solid waste.

Wastewater Management

• Wastewater is a liquid waste that consists of human waste, food waste, oil and chemicals.
• Wastewater can be divided into;
  • domestic wastewater
  • stormwater runoff
  • industrial wastewater.
• Compared to domestic wastewater and stormwater runoff, industrial wastewater may contain;
  • acrylonitrile
  • methylbenzene
  • toluene
  • heavy metals, such as arsenic, mercury and lead.
• These hazardous chemicals are difficult to decompose biologically and require more systematic treatments so that they will not pollute the environment nor affect human health.
• Landfill Leachate Treatment Method by using the electrolysis principle, which is also known as electrocoagulation process, is a Green Technology approach that can be used to treat wastewater, including industrial wastewater.
• Carbon or copper electrodes are used while wastewater is the electrolyte in the electrocoagulation process.
• Pollutants will form flocs and can be isolated from water and then removed as sludge.
• After proper treatment, sludge can be used as fertilisers for the agricultural sector or disposed of by appropriate methods depending on the composition of the materials contained in sludge.
• Wastewater that has been treated can be reused for crop irrigation, or discharged as effluent.