Download App
Google Android
Apple iOS
Huawei
English
English
Malay
Guest
Login
Register
Home
Quiz
Battle
Practice
Class
Classes List
Timetable
Assignments
Learn
Chapters Guide
Quick Notes
Videos
Experiments
Textbooks
Login
Register
Download App
Google Android
Apple iOS
Huawei
EN
MS
Learn
Quick Notes
List
Oils and Fats
Oils and Fats
The Difference Between Oils and Fats
Oils and fats are parts of the dietary requirements for humans that are responsible for supplying energy, providing body temperature insulation and helping with the absorption of important vitamins.
Definition of oils and fats
Esters produced through the reaction between fatty acids and glycerol (propan-1,2,3-triol)
Fatty acids have very long carbon chains.
The characteristics of oils or fats rely on the types of fatty acids involved in the esterification reactions with glycerol.
Examples of fatty acids are palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid.
Esterification reaction
The reaction between one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules forms one fat molecule.
\(R_1\)
,
\(R_2\)
and
\(R_3\)
represent the parts of hydrocarbon chains in fatty acids and fats.
\(R_1\)
,
\(R_2\)
and
\(R_3\)
can either be identical or different.
Difference between Oils and Fats
Oils
Fats
Source
Plants
Animals
Physical state at room temperature
Liquid
Solid
Melting point
Low
High
Content of fatty acids
High percentage of unsaturated fatty acids
High percentage of saturated fatty acids
Example
Palm oil
Butter
Saturated Fats and Unsaturated Fats
Saturated fats contain saturated fatty acids, and unsaturated fats contain unsaturated fatty acids.
Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond in the carbon chain; whereas saturated fatty acids only have a single covalent bond in the carbon chain.
The presence of double bonds causes unsaturated fats to have low melting points and exist as liquids.
Examples of saturated fatty acids
Molecular formula
Palmitic acid
\(CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{14}COOH\)
Lauric acid
\(CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{10}COOH\)
Stearic acid
\(CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{16}COOH\)
Saturated fat
Fatty acid
Structural formula
Tristearin or glyceryl tristearate
Stearic acid
Tripalmitin or glyceryl tripalmitate
Palmitic acid
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids
Molecular formula
Oleic acid
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Fat
Fatty acid
Structural formula
Triolein or glyceryl trioleate
Oleic acid
Trilinolein or glyceryl trilinoleate
Linoleic acid
Conversion of Unsaturated Fats to Saturated Fats
Oils consist of a high percentage of unsaturated fats.
Unsaturated fats are converted into saturated fats through hydrogenation reaction.
During a hydrogenation reaction, hydrogen gas,
\(H_2\)
is passed into hot oil with the presence of nickel, Ni as the catalyst.
The double bond in the carbon chain is “opened” and the hydrogen atoms, H are added to the carbon chain.
The addition of hydrogen atoms to the carbon chain causes the molecular mass to increase that leads to the increase in the melting point and boiling point.
This situation explains why margarine exists in a solid form at room temperature, even though it is produced from oil.
Hydrogenation reaction of unsaturated fat to saturated fat
Uses of Oils and Fats in Life
Industry
Uses
Biofuel
Oils and fats can be used to produce biofuels, such as biodiesel to be used by vehicles with diesel engines.
Nutritional source
Oils and fats supply energy and help the body to absorb important vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Soap and personal care
Oils and fats are the main ingredients for soap making. Personal care items, like skin moisturisers, also utilise oils in their productions.
Animal feeds
Oils and fats are also used to manufacture feeds for cattle to fulfil their nutritional needs.
Effect of Excessive Fats Towards Health
Excessive fat is dangerous.
A high correlation between a diet rich in saturated fats with cardiovascular diseases.
Increasing cholesterol level in the body.
Cholesterol can make blood vessel harder and narrower.
Formation of plague and blocking blood flow.
High blood pressure, heart attack and stroke.
Chapter : Consumers and Industrial Chemistry
Topic : Oils and Fats
Form 5
Chemistry
View all notes for Chemistry Form 5
Related notes
Cleaning Agents
Food Additives
Medicines and Cosmetics
Cosmetic Substances
Application of Nanotechnology in Industry
Application of Green Technology in Management of Industrial Wastes
Redox Reaction
Standard Electrode Potential
Voltaic Cell
Electrolytic Cell
Report this note
Homework Help
Get your homework done with live tutors’ help
Learn more
Register for a free Pandai account now
Edit content
×
Loading...
Quiz
View video m
View note m
Account