Medicines and Cosmetics

 
5.4 Medicine and Cosmetics
 
Medicines
  • Definition of medicine:
    • Chemicals used to help with the treatment or prevention of diseases.
  • Medicines can be classified into traditional medicines and modern medicines.
  • Medicines are safe if taken properly.
  • Generally, medicines are for health use, but misuse or abuse of them can be harmful.
 
Traditional Medicines
  • Obtained from herbal plants or animals and are not chemically processed.
  • Usually prepared by crushing certain parts of the plants using pestle and mortar and rubbing on sore limbs.
  • There are also certain parts of the plants or animals that are boiled to get the essence and to be consumed orally.
  • Nowadays, traditional medicines have evolved through processing, and marketed in the form of pills or capsules.
 
Examples of Plants usually used as Traditional Medicines in Malaysia
Source of Traditional Medicine Function
Ginseng root Improves health.
Tamarind The juice from its fruit can relieve cough.
Garlic Lessen infection and high blood pressure.
Cloves Relieves toothache.
Sirih leaves Relieves eyesore.
Turmeric Decreases pimples.
Papaya tree The juice can relieve skin irritation.
Hibiscus tree The leaves can relieve headache and decreases hair loss.
Coconut tree The coconut water can reduce fever.
Aloe vera The juice can reduce the pain from burned skin.
 
Modern Medicine
Medicines manufactured industrially and distributed to consumers in this age.
 

Types of Modern Medicine

Function

Example

Analgesics

Relives pain in conscious state.

  • Aspirin and paracetamol
  • Codeine

Antibiotics

Relives pain, alleviates coughs and treats diarrhoea.

  • Codeine
Psychotic drugs

Stimulant

Stimulate and activate brain, body and emotional activity.
  • Amfetamine
  • Fenilpropanolamine
Antidepressant

Treating depression.

  • Imipramine
  • Amitriptiline
Antipsychotic

Tranquiliser.

  • Tranquiliser
  • Barbiturat
  • Clozapine
  • Haloperidol
 
The Side Effect of Medicine

Jenis ubat

Contoh

Kesan sampingan

Antibiotic

Penicilin

  • Some might be allergic to penicillin.
  • Symptoms: itchiness, shortness of breath.

Analgesic

Aspirin

  • Skin rash.
  • Uncosciousness.
Antipsychotic

Stimulant

  • Addiction.
  • Abuse of amphetamine.

Antipsychotic

  • Addiction.
 
Cosmetics
  • Cosmetics are substances or products used externally for cleaning, protect or beautify one's appearance.
  • Various types of materials are used as ingredients in the production of cosmetics so that the desired effect is obtained.
  • The basic ingredients for cosmetics usually consist of a combination of ingredients such as water, emulsifiers, thickeners, dyes, moisturizers and preservatives.
 
This image is a diagram titled ‘Cosmetic Basics Ingredients.’ It consists of a central blue circle with the title and is surrounded by seven hexagons, each labeled with a different ingredient. The hexagons are connected to the central circle by dashed lines. The ingredients listed are: 1. Dye 2. Preservatives 3. Moisturizer 4. Fragrances 5. Thickener 6. Emulsifier 7. Water The logo ‘Pandai’ is present in the top left corner of the image.
 
Cosmetics Basics Ingredients
Dye
  • Gives colour to make cosmetics more attractive.
  • Example: Iron (III) oxide.
Preservatives
  • Prevent cosmetic damage.
  • Examples: Parabens and formaldehyde.
Moisturizer
  • Maintains the moisture of cosmetic ingredients.
  • Examples: Glycerin and sodium lactate.
Fragrances
  • Gives a pleasant aroma to cosmetic products.
  • Example: Essential oils.
Thickener
  • Thickens cosmetic products. Examples: Glycerin and xanthan gum.
Emulsifier
  • Forms a homogeneous mixture between water and oil.
  • Examples: Lecithin and stearic acid.
Water
  • Solvents in the production of cosmetics.
 
Types of Cosmetics
Makeup cosmetics Used to beautify the face: Powder, lipstick, pencil eyebrows, blush, eye shadow, eyeliner and mascara.
Cosmetic care Treatment on the body: Creams, skin moisturizers and face mask.
Fragrances Fragrances: Deodorants and perfumes.
 
The Use of Cosmetics in Life
Pros of Homemade Cosmetics Cons of Commercial Cosmetics

Easily produced using natural ingredients

Harmful side effects

Safe and no harmful chemicals

There are hazardous chemicals included illegally.

Cheap cost

Excessively highlighted and misleading advertisement.

 
Side Effects of the Use of Banned Chmicals in Cosmetics
Prohibited Chemicals Side Effects
Mercury Skin irritation as well as fruit damage waist and nervous system if absorbed into the bloodstream.
Hidroquinone Skin becomes hypersensitive and pigmentation reduction resulting in skin exposure to harmful UV rays.
Betamethasone valerate Skin irritation and changes in skin pigmentation.
Tretinoin Skin redness and flaking..
 
The image is an infographic that lists prohibited chemicals. It features a central circle labeled ‘Prohibited Chemicals’ with four connected circles, each naming a specific chemical: Mercury, Betamethasone valerate, Hydroquinone, and Tretinoin. The Pandai logo is at the bottom center.
 
Prohibited Chemicals Note 

Mercury

It is usually included in whitening creams as well as other cosmetic products illegally.
Hydroquinone
Betamethasone valerate
Tretinoin Acne cream.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Medicines and Cosmetics

 
5.4 Medicine and Cosmetics
 
Medicines
  • Definition of medicine:
    • Chemicals used to help with the treatment or prevention of diseases.
  • Medicines can be classified into traditional medicines and modern medicines.
  • Medicines are safe if taken properly.
  • Generally, medicines are for health use, but misuse or abuse of them can be harmful.
 
Traditional Medicines
  • Obtained from herbal plants or animals and are not chemically processed.
  • Usually prepared by crushing certain parts of the plants using pestle and mortar and rubbing on sore limbs.
  • There are also certain parts of the plants or animals that are boiled to get the essence and to be consumed orally.
  • Nowadays, traditional medicines have evolved through processing, and marketed in the form of pills or capsules.
 
Examples of Plants usually used as Traditional Medicines in Malaysia
Source of Traditional Medicine Function
Ginseng root Improves health.
Tamarind The juice from its fruit can relieve cough.
Garlic Lessen infection and high blood pressure.
Cloves Relieves toothache.
Sirih leaves Relieves eyesore.
Turmeric Decreases pimples.
Papaya tree The juice can relieve skin irritation.
Hibiscus tree The leaves can relieve headache and decreases hair loss.
Coconut tree The coconut water can reduce fever.
Aloe vera The juice can reduce the pain from burned skin.
 
Modern Medicine
Medicines manufactured industrially and distributed to consumers in this age.
 

Types of Modern Medicine

Function

Example

Analgesics

Relives pain in conscious state.

  • Aspirin and paracetamol
  • Codeine

Antibiotics

Relives pain, alleviates coughs and treats diarrhoea.

  • Codeine
Psychotic drugs

Stimulant

Stimulate and activate brain, body and emotional activity.
  • Amfetamine
  • Fenilpropanolamine
Antidepressant

Treating depression.

  • Imipramine
  • Amitriptiline
Antipsychotic

Tranquiliser.

  • Tranquiliser
  • Barbiturat
  • Clozapine
  • Haloperidol
 
The Side Effect of Medicine

Jenis ubat

Contoh

Kesan sampingan

Antibiotic

Penicilin

  • Some might be allergic to penicillin.
  • Symptoms: itchiness, shortness of breath.

Analgesic

Aspirin

  • Skin rash.
  • Uncosciousness.
Antipsychotic

Stimulant

  • Addiction.
  • Abuse of amphetamine.

Antipsychotic

  • Addiction.
 
Cosmetics
  • Cosmetics are substances or products used externally for cleaning, protect or beautify one's appearance.
  • Various types of materials are used as ingredients in the production of cosmetics so that the desired effect is obtained.
  • The basic ingredients for cosmetics usually consist of a combination of ingredients such as water, emulsifiers, thickeners, dyes, moisturizers and preservatives.
 
This image is a diagram titled ‘Cosmetic Basics Ingredients.’ It consists of a central blue circle with the title and is surrounded by seven hexagons, each labeled with a different ingredient. The hexagons are connected to the central circle by dashed lines. The ingredients listed are: 1. Dye 2. Preservatives 3. Moisturizer 4. Fragrances 5. Thickener 6. Emulsifier 7. Water The logo ‘Pandai’ is present in the top left corner of the image.
 
Cosmetics Basics Ingredients
Dye
  • Gives colour to make cosmetics more attractive.
  • Example: Iron (III) oxide.
Preservatives
  • Prevent cosmetic damage.
  • Examples: Parabens and formaldehyde.
Moisturizer
  • Maintains the moisture of cosmetic ingredients.
  • Examples: Glycerin and sodium lactate.
Fragrances
  • Gives a pleasant aroma to cosmetic products.
  • Example: Essential oils.
Thickener
  • Thickens cosmetic products. Examples: Glycerin and xanthan gum.
Emulsifier
  • Forms a homogeneous mixture between water and oil.
  • Examples: Lecithin and stearic acid.
Water
  • Solvents in the production of cosmetics.
 
Types of Cosmetics
Makeup cosmetics Used to beautify the face: Powder, lipstick, pencil eyebrows, blush, eye shadow, eyeliner and mascara.
Cosmetic care Treatment on the body: Creams, skin moisturizers and face mask.
Fragrances Fragrances: Deodorants and perfumes.
 
The Use of Cosmetics in Life
Pros of Homemade Cosmetics Cons of Commercial Cosmetics

Easily produced using natural ingredients

Harmful side effects

Safe and no harmful chemicals

There are hazardous chemicals included illegally.

Cheap cost

Excessively highlighted and misleading advertisement.

 
Side Effects of the Use of Banned Chmicals in Cosmetics
Prohibited Chemicals Side Effects
Mercury Skin irritation as well as fruit damage waist and nervous system if absorbed into the bloodstream.
Hidroquinone Skin becomes hypersensitive and pigmentation reduction resulting in skin exposure to harmful UV rays.
Betamethasone valerate Skin irritation and changes in skin pigmentation.
Tretinoin Skin redness and flaking..
 
The image is an infographic that lists prohibited chemicals. It features a central circle labeled ‘Prohibited Chemicals’ with four connected circles, each naming a specific chemical: Mercury, Betamethasone valerate, Hydroquinone, and Tretinoin. The Pandai logo is at the bottom center.
 
Prohibited Chemicals Note 

Mercury

It is usually included in whitening creams as well as other cosmetic products illegally.
Hydroquinone
Betamethasone valerate
Tretinoin Acne cream.