Human Movement and Growth

Human Movement and Growth

6.2

Human Movement and Growth

1. Function of joint and muscle in movement

Stucture	Function
Ligament	Bind the bone to the bone
Cartilage	Reduce friction between two bones during movement
Synovial fluid	Fills the cavity in the joints and acts as a lubricant in the joints and supplies nutrients to the cartilage
Tendon	Connective tissues that bind the muscle to the bone
Antagonistic muscle	Two sets of muscles that works in pair in opposite direction When one set contracts, the other set relaxes

2. Problem related to joint that cause pain

Osteoarthritis: degeneration of cartilage due to aging or injury
Rheumatoid arthritis: body immune system damaging the synovial membrane, bones and cartilage joint

3. Human growth pattern

Changes occurs in terms of size, total number of cells, weight, shape size and body function

Age	Growth rate
Infant	Rate of growth is very high Balanced diet is important for the infant's balanced growth
Childhood	The rate of growth is not as high as the rate of growth at the infancy stage Rate of growth of male child is higher than a female child
Adolescence	At the early stage of teenage, both genders undergo rapid growth Male teenages will undergo slower growth compared to the female teenager Secondary sexual characteristic for teenagers begin to develop At the age of 16-18 years, the rate of growth will begin to decrease for female teenages and will stop Male teenagers will continue his growth until the age of 18-20 years
Adulthood	Adult male is taller and bigger than the adult female Human growth will become constant and nearly zero
Old age	At this stage, the human growth will come closer to a complete stop Human body begins to shrink Muscle parts become smaller Skin begins to dry

4. Growth patterns between male and female (Sigmoid curve)