Human Movement and Growth

6.2 Human Movement and Growth
 
Human movement
 
Function of joint and muscle in movement
 

Structure

 
Structure Function
Ligament
  • Bind the bone to the bone
Cartilage
  • Reduce friction between two bones during movement
Synovial fluid
  • Fills the cavity in the joints and acts as a lubricant in the joints and supplies nutrients to the cartilag
Tendon
  • Connective tissues that bind the muscle to the bone
Antogonistic muscle
  • Two sets of muscles that works in pair in opposite direction
  • When one set contracts, the other set relaxes
 
Problem related to joint that cause pain
  • Osteoarthritis: degeneration of cartilage due to aging or injury
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: body immune system damaging the synovial membrane, bones and cartilage joint
 
Human growth
 
Human growth pattern
Changes occurs in terms of size, total number of cells, weight, shape size and body function
 

 
Age Growth rate
Infant
  • Rate of growth is very high
  • Balanced diet is important for the infant's balanced growth
Childhood
  • The rate of growth is not as high as the rate of growth at the infancy stage
  • Rate of growth of male child is higher than a female child
Adolescence
  • At the early stage of teenage, both genders undergo rapid growth
  • Male teenages will undergo slower growth compared to the female teenager
  • Secondary sexual characteristic for teenagers begin to develop
  • At the age of 16-18 years, the rate of growth will begin to decrease for female teenages and will stop 
  • Male teenagers will continue his growth until the age of 18-20 years
Adulthood
  • Adult male is taller and bigger than the adult female
  • Human growth will become constant and nearly zero
Old age
  • At this stage, the human growth will come closer to a complete stop
  • Human body begins to shrink
  • Muscle parts become smaller
  • Skin begins to dry
 
Growth patterns between male and female (Sigmoid curve)
 

 

Human Movement and Growth

6.2 Human Movement and Growth
 
Human movement
 
Function of joint and muscle in movement
 

Structure

 
Structure Function
Ligament
  • Bind the bone to the bone
Cartilage
  • Reduce friction between two bones during movement
Synovial fluid
  • Fills the cavity in the joints and acts as a lubricant in the joints and supplies nutrients to the cartilag
Tendon
  • Connective tissues that bind the muscle to the bone
Antogonistic muscle
  • Two sets of muscles that works in pair in opposite direction
  • When one set contracts, the other set relaxes
 
Problem related to joint that cause pain
  • Osteoarthritis: degeneration of cartilage due to aging or injury
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: body immune system damaging the synovial membrane, bones and cartilage joint
 
Human growth
 
Human growth pattern
Changes occurs in terms of size, total number of cells, weight, shape size and body function
 

 
Age Growth rate
Infant
  • Rate of growth is very high
  • Balanced diet is important for the infant's balanced growth
Childhood
  • The rate of growth is not as high as the rate of growth at the infancy stage
  • Rate of growth of male child is higher than a female child
Adolescence
  • At the early stage of teenage, both genders undergo rapid growth
  • Male teenages will undergo slower growth compared to the female teenager
  • Secondary sexual characteristic for teenagers begin to develop
  • At the age of 16-18 years, the rate of growth will begin to decrease for female teenages and will stop 
  • Male teenagers will continue his growth until the age of 18-20 years
Adulthood
  • Adult male is taller and bigger than the adult female
  • Human growth will become constant and nearly zero
Old age
  • At this stage, the human growth will come closer to a complete stop
  • Human body begins to shrink
  • Muscle parts become smaller
  • Skin begins to dry
 
Growth patterns between male and female (Sigmoid curve)