Historical Development of the Periodic Table

 
4.1  Development of Periodic Table of Elements
 
The Periodic Table of Elements
Classifies known chemical elements in a table according to certain characteristics.
 
Classification of Elements
  • The chemists try to develop and make a generalisation of the element by classifying it into a certain characteristic.
  • The classification will enable scientists;
    • to generalise the chemical and physical properties.
    • to predict the position of an element.
    • to identify and compare elements from a different group.
    • to predict chemical and physical properties.
 
This image lists scientists involved in the development of the periodic table. The names are: 1. Antoine Lavoisier 2. Johann W. Dobereiner 3. John Newlands 4. Lothar Meyer 5. Dmitri Mendeleev 6. Henry G.J. Moseley The text is centered, and the names are written on either side with arrows pointing inward. The Pandai logo is at the bottom.
 
Contribution of Scientists to the Development of the Periodic Table
Antoine Lavoisier 
  • Group the element into four groups, which are gas, metal, non-metal and metal oxide.
  • Light and heat are included in the classification.
  • Some elements are in the wrong group because of different chemical properties.
Johann W. Dobereiner
  • Group the elements into three which are called as a triad.
  • Discovers the relationship between the relative atomic mass (RAM) of the element in each triad.
  • However, this relationship does not apply to most of the other elements.
John Newlands 
  • Arranged the elements in order of increasing nucleon number.
  • The chemical properties of every eight elements are similar, and it is known as the law of octaves.
  • The classification was a failure because of:
    • The law of octaves was only accurate for the first 16 elements.
    • There was no position allocated for elements yet to be discovered.
Lothar Meyer
  • Calculated the volume of an atom by dividing the mass with the density of the element.
Dmitri Mendeleev
  • Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass.
  • The arrangement followed the atomic mass but not the chemical properties.
Henry G.J. Moseley
  • Bombarded different elements with high energy electrons and measured the frequency of the X-ray emitted by the element.
  • Plotted the square root of the frequency of the X-ray against the proton number.
  • Managed to get a straight line graph.
 
Basic Principle of Arrangement of Elements in the Periodic Table of Elements
  • Elements in the Periodic Table of Elements are arranged in ascending order of proton numbers, ranging from 1 to 118.
  • Elements with similar chemical properties are placed in the same vertical columns
 
Discovery of New Elements
Element Symbol Number of Proton
Nihonium Nh 113
Moscovium Mc 115
Tennessine Ts 117
Oganesson Og 118
 

 

 

 

 


 

Historical Development of the Periodic Table

 
4.1  Development of Periodic Table of Elements
 
The Periodic Table of Elements
Classifies known chemical elements in a table according to certain characteristics.
 
Classification of Elements
  • The chemists try to develop and make a generalisation of the element by classifying it into a certain characteristic.
  • The classification will enable scientists;
    • to generalise the chemical and physical properties.
    • to predict the position of an element.
    • to identify and compare elements from a different group.
    • to predict chemical and physical properties.
 
This image lists scientists involved in the development of the periodic table. The names are: 1. Antoine Lavoisier 2. Johann W. Dobereiner 3. John Newlands 4. Lothar Meyer 5. Dmitri Mendeleev 6. Henry G.J. Moseley The text is centered, and the names are written on either side with arrows pointing inward. The Pandai logo is at the bottom.
 
Contribution of Scientists to the Development of the Periodic Table
Antoine Lavoisier 
  • Group the element into four groups, which are gas, metal, non-metal and metal oxide.
  • Light and heat are included in the classification.
  • Some elements are in the wrong group because of different chemical properties.
Johann W. Dobereiner
  • Group the elements into three which are called as a triad.
  • Discovers the relationship between the relative atomic mass (RAM) of the element in each triad.
  • However, this relationship does not apply to most of the other elements.
John Newlands 
  • Arranged the elements in order of increasing nucleon number.
  • The chemical properties of every eight elements are similar, and it is known as the law of octaves.
  • The classification was a failure because of:
    • The law of octaves was only accurate for the first 16 elements.
    • There was no position allocated for elements yet to be discovered.
Lothar Meyer
  • Calculated the volume of an atom by dividing the mass with the density of the element.
Dmitri Mendeleev
  • Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass.
  • The arrangement followed the atomic mass but not the chemical properties.
Henry G.J. Moseley
  • Bombarded different elements with high energy electrons and measured the frequency of the X-ray emitted by the element.
  • Plotted the square root of the frequency of the X-ray against the proton number.
  • Managed to get a straight line graph.
 
Basic Principle of Arrangement of Elements in the Periodic Table of Elements
  • Elements in the Periodic Table of Elements are arranged in ascending order of proton numbers, ranging from 1 to 118.
  • Elements with similar chemical properties are placed in the same vertical columns
 
Discovery of New Elements
Element Symbol Number of Proton
Nihonium Nh 113
Moscovium Mc 115
Tennessine Ts 117
Oganesson Og 118