Transition Elements

 
4.7  Transition Elements
 
Position of Transition Elements
  • Position in the Periodic Table from Group 2 until Group 12.
  • The position of transition elements in the periodic table of elements is as below:

This image shows the periodic table of elements. The table is color-coded with different elements highlighted in various colors. For example, Hydrogen (H) is highlighted in purple, Aluminium (Al) in yellow, and Bromine (Br) in green. The table is organized into 18 groups (columns) and 7 periods (rows), with the Lanthanides and Actinides displayed in two separate rows at the bottom. Each element is represented by its chemical symbol and atomic number. The background of the table is light blue.

 
The diagram shows Characteristics of transition Metals. High density. High hardness. Silvery surface. High tensile strength. High conductivity. Ductile and malleable. High melting point. High boiling point.
 
Special Properties of Transition Elements
Transition Elements have more than One Oxidation Numbers
  • Oxidation number of transition elements is as below: 

Transition Elements

Oxidation Number

Compound

Chromium, Cr +3

Chromium(III) chloride, \(CrCl_3\)

+6

Potassium dichromate(VI), \(K_2Cr_2O_7\)

Manganese, Mn +2

Manganese(II) chloride, \(MnCl_2\)

+4

Manganese(IV) oxide, \(MnO_2\)

+7

  Potassium manganate(VII), \(KMnO_4\)

Iron, Fe +2

Iron(II) sulphate, \(FeSO_4\)

+3

 Iron(III) chloride, \(FeCl_3\)

Copper, Cu +1

Copper(I) oxide, \(Cu_2O\)

+2

  Copper(II) oxide, \(CuO\)

Nickel, Ni +2

Nickel(II) sulphate, \(NiSO_4\)

+3

Nickel(III) chloride, \(NiCl_3\)

 

Transition Elements form Coloured Compounds

 

Transition Elements

Ion

Colour of Solution

Chromium, Cr Chromium(III) ion, \(Cr^{3+}\) Green
Dichromate(VI) ion, \(Cr_2O_7^{2-}\) Orange
Manganese, Mn Manganese(II) ion, \(Mn^{2+}\) Pink
Manganate(VII) ion, \(MnO_4\,^-\) Purple
Iron, Fe Iron(II) ion,, \(Fe^{2+}\) Green
Iron(III) ion, \(Fe^{3+}\) Brown
Copper, Cu Copper(II) ion, \(Cu^{2+}\) Blue
Nickel, Ni Nickel(II) ion, \(Ni^{2+}\) Green

 

Transition Elements Function as a Catalyst to Increase the Rate of Reaction
  • The use of iron as the catalyst in the Haber process to produce ammonia.
  • \(\,\\N_2 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow[]{Fe} 2NH_3\)
 
Uses of Transition Elements in the Industry
Element or Compound Uses
Iron, Fe
  • Used as a catalyst in the Haber Process to produce ammonia, 𝑁𝐻3NH3​
  • Used to build bridges
Platinum, Pt Used as a catalyst in the Ostwald Process to produce nitric acid, \(HNO_3\)
Vanadium(V) oxide, \(V_2O_5\) Used as a catalyst in the Contact Process to produce sulphuric acid, \(H_2SO_4\)
Nickel, Ni or Platinum, Pt Used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation process on vegetable oils to produce margarine
Manganese, Mn Used to make stained glass windows
Titanium, Ti Used to make paints
 

 

 


 

Transition Elements

 
4.7  Transition Elements
 
Position of Transition Elements
  • Position in the Periodic Table from Group 2 until Group 12.
  • The position of transition elements in the periodic table of elements is as below:

This image shows the periodic table of elements. The table is color-coded with different elements highlighted in various colors. For example, Hydrogen (H) is highlighted in purple, Aluminium (Al) in yellow, and Bromine (Br) in green. The table is organized into 18 groups (columns) and 7 periods (rows), with the Lanthanides and Actinides displayed in two separate rows at the bottom. Each element is represented by its chemical symbol and atomic number. The background of the table is light blue.

 
The diagram shows Characteristics of transition Metals. High density. High hardness. Silvery surface. High tensile strength. High conductivity. Ductile and malleable. High melting point. High boiling point.
 
Special Properties of Transition Elements
Transition Elements have more than One Oxidation Numbers
  • Oxidation number of transition elements is as below: 

Transition Elements

Oxidation Number

Compound

Chromium, Cr +3

Chromium(III) chloride, \(CrCl_3\)

+6

Potassium dichromate(VI), \(K_2Cr_2O_7\)

Manganese, Mn +2

Manganese(II) chloride, \(MnCl_2\)

+4

Manganese(IV) oxide, \(MnO_2\)

+7

  Potassium manganate(VII), \(KMnO_4\)

Iron, Fe +2

Iron(II) sulphate, \(FeSO_4\)

+3

 Iron(III) chloride, \(FeCl_3\)

Copper, Cu +1

Copper(I) oxide, \(Cu_2O\)

+2

  Copper(II) oxide, \(CuO\)

Nickel, Ni +2

Nickel(II) sulphate, \(NiSO_4\)

+3

Nickel(III) chloride, \(NiCl_3\)

 

Transition Elements form Coloured Compounds

 

Transition Elements

Ion

Colour of Solution

Chromium, Cr Chromium(III) ion, \(Cr^{3+}\) Green
Dichromate(VI) ion, \(Cr_2O_7^{2-}\) Orange
Manganese, Mn Manganese(II) ion, \(Mn^{2+}\) Pink
Manganate(VII) ion, \(MnO_4\,^-\) Purple
Iron, Fe Iron(II) ion,, \(Fe^{2+}\) Green
Iron(III) ion, \(Fe^{3+}\) Brown
Copper, Cu Copper(II) ion, \(Cu^{2+}\) Blue
Nickel, Ni Nickel(II) ion, \(Ni^{2+}\) Green

 

Transition Elements Function as a Catalyst to Increase the Rate of Reaction
  • The use of iron as the catalyst in the Haber process to produce ammonia.
  • \(\,\\N_2 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow[]{Fe} 2NH_3\)
 
Uses of Transition Elements in the Industry
Element or Compound Uses
Iron, Fe
  • Used as a catalyst in the Haber Process to produce ammonia, 𝑁𝐻3NH3​
  • Used to build bridges
Platinum, Pt Used as a catalyst in the Ostwald Process to produce nitric acid, \(HNO_3\)
Vanadium(V) oxide, \(V_2O_5\) Used as a catalyst in the Contact Process to produce sulphuric acid, \(H_2SO_4\)
Nickel, Ni or Platinum, Pt Used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation process on vegetable oils to produce margarine
Manganese, Mn Used to make stained glass windows
Titanium, Ti Used to make paints