Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane in Living Organisms

3.3 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane in Living Organisms
 
Active Transport and Passive Transport in Living Organisms
Passive Transport
  • Passive transport in organisms occurs during:
    • gaseous exchange between alveolus and blood capillaries through simple diffusion
    • reabsorption of water occurs by osmosis through renal tubule in the kidney
    • absorption of water by a plant root through osmosis
    • absorption of fructose molecules in the villus by facilitated diffusion
Active Transport
  • Active transport in organisms occurs during:
    • absorption of glucose and amino acids in th villus
    • reabsorption of glucose through renal tubule in the kidney
    • transport of sucrose from a leaf to a phloem tissue
    • absorption of mineral ions by a plant root hair cells
 
The image is an infographic titled The Effects of Hypotonic, Hypertonic, and Isotonic Solutions on Animal and Plant Cells. It is divided into three sections: 1. Hypotonic: - Animal cell undergoes haemolysis. - Plant cell becomes turgid. 2. Hypertonic: - Animal cell undergoes crenation. - Plant cell undergoes plasmolysis and becomes wilt. 3. Isotonic: - Animal and plant cells maintain their shape. - Plant cells become flaccid.
 
Isotonic Solution
  • A solution that has the same concentration of solutes with the concentration of water
 
Hipotonic Solution
  • A solution that has a low concentration of solutes
 
Hypertonic Solution
  • A solution that has a high concentration of solutes
 
The Effects of Hypotonic Solution, Hypertonic Solution and Isotonic Solution on Animal Cells
Effects of Hypotonic Solution
  • When red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuse into the cells through osmosis, causing the cells to swell and finally burst
  • This is because the plasma membrane is to thin to withstand the osmotic pressure built up in the cell
  • The burst of red blood cells is known as haemolysis
Effects of Hypertonic Solution
  • When red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuse out of the cells through osmosis
  • This causes the cells to shrink
  • The red blood cells are said to undergo crenation
Effects of Isotonic Solution
  • Water diffuses into and out of the cells by osmosis at the same rate
  • No net movement of water across the plasma membrane
  • The cells maintain the normal shape
 

 

The Effects of Hypotonic Solution, Hypertonic Solution and Isotonic Solution on Plant Cells
Effects of Hypotonic Solution
  • When the plant cells are places in the hypotonic solution, water diffuses into the vacuole by osmosis
  • This causes the vacuole to expand and push the cytoplasm and plasma membrane against the cell wall
  • In this state, the cells are said to be turgid
  • Plant cells does not burst because the cell wall is rigid and strong
  • Turgor pressure is important to plant cells because it gives support and maintains the shape of cell
  • Cell turgidity causes the guard cell to swell to allow stomata to remain open for photosynthesis
Effects of Hypertonic Solution
  • When the plant cells are placed in the hypertonic solution, the water diffuse out from vacuole by osmosis
  • Vacuole and cytoplasm will shrink, causing the plasma membrane to be pulled away from the cell wall
  • This phenomena is known as plasmolysis
  • Plasmolysis causes the leaves and stems to bend downwards
  • Wilting occurs
  • Plasmolysed plant cells can regain their turgidity if the cells are returned to a hypotonic solution immediately
  • The cells are said to undergo deplasmolysis
Effects of Isotonic Solution
  • When the plant cell sap and the extracellular solution are isotonik, water potential is the same
  • The movement of water diffusion into and out of the cell is the same 
  • Cells become flaccid

Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane in Living Organisms

3.3 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane in Living Organisms
 
Active Transport and Passive Transport in Living Organisms
Passive Transport
  • Passive transport in organisms occurs during:
    • gaseous exchange between alveolus and blood capillaries through simple diffusion
    • reabsorption of water occurs by osmosis through renal tubule in the kidney
    • absorption of water by a plant root through osmosis
    • absorption of fructose molecules in the villus by facilitated diffusion
Active Transport
  • Active transport in organisms occurs during:
    • absorption of glucose and amino acids in th villus
    • reabsorption of glucose through renal tubule in the kidney
    • transport of sucrose from a leaf to a phloem tissue
    • absorption of mineral ions by a plant root hair cells
 
The image is an infographic titled The Effects of Hypotonic, Hypertonic, and Isotonic Solutions on Animal and Plant Cells. It is divided into three sections: 1. Hypotonic: - Animal cell undergoes haemolysis. - Plant cell becomes turgid. 2. Hypertonic: - Animal cell undergoes crenation. - Plant cell undergoes plasmolysis and becomes wilt. 3. Isotonic: - Animal and plant cells maintain their shape. - Plant cells become flaccid.
 
Isotonic Solution
  • A solution that has the same concentration of solutes with the concentration of water
 
Hipotonic Solution
  • A solution that has a low concentration of solutes
 
Hypertonic Solution
  • A solution that has a high concentration of solutes
 
The Effects of Hypotonic Solution, Hypertonic Solution and Isotonic Solution on Animal Cells
Effects of Hypotonic Solution
  • When red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuse into the cells through osmosis, causing the cells to swell and finally burst
  • This is because the plasma membrane is to thin to withstand the osmotic pressure built up in the cell
  • The burst of red blood cells is known as haemolysis
Effects of Hypertonic Solution
  • When red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuse out of the cells through osmosis
  • This causes the cells to shrink
  • The red blood cells are said to undergo crenation
Effects of Isotonic Solution
  • Water diffuses into and out of the cells by osmosis at the same rate
  • No net movement of water across the plasma membrane
  • The cells maintain the normal shape
 

 

The Effects of Hypotonic Solution, Hypertonic Solution and Isotonic Solution on Plant Cells
Effects of Hypotonic Solution
  • When the plant cells are places in the hypotonic solution, water diffuses into the vacuole by osmosis
  • This causes the vacuole to expand and push the cytoplasm and plasma membrane against the cell wall
  • In this state, the cells are said to be turgid
  • Plant cells does not burst because the cell wall is rigid and strong
  • Turgor pressure is important to plant cells because it gives support and maintains the shape of cell
  • Cell turgidity causes the guard cell to swell to allow stomata to remain open for photosynthesis
Effects of Hypertonic Solution
  • When the plant cells are placed in the hypertonic solution, the water diffuse out from vacuole by osmosis
  • Vacuole and cytoplasm will shrink, causing the plasma membrane to be pulled away from the cell wall
  • This phenomena is known as plasmolysis
  • Plasmolysis causes the leaves and stems to bend downwards
  • Wilting occurs
  • Plasmolysed plant cells can regain their turgidity if the cells are returned to a hypotonic solution immediately
  • The cells are said to undergo deplasmolysis
Effects of Isotonic Solution
  • When the plant cell sap and the extracellular solution are isotonik, water potential is the same
  • The movement of water diffusion into and out of the cell is the same 
  • Cells become flaccid