Gravitational potential energy:

• Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in a body due to its position

• The higher the position of a body, the greater the gravitational potential energy

• The quantity of gravitational potential energy is influenced by the mass of the body (m), the acceleration of gravity (g), and the height of the body from the earth's surface (h)

• Formula: Weight, W (N) = mass, m (kg) x gravitational acceleration, g (m/s²)

  = mg

• On Earth, the value of gravitational acceleration is 10 m/s²

• If the mass of m kg is raised as high as h m then the formula turns into

• Formula: Gravitational potential energy = gravitational force x displacement

                                                                          = mg x h

Elastic potential energy:

• The energy stored in a stretched or compressed spring is known as the elastic potential energy

• The elastic potential energy stored in the spring is influenced by the force exerted on the spring, F and the displacement of the spring is stretched or compressed, x

•  Formula: Elastic potential energy = Average force x displacement

  = \( {1 \over 2} F x\)

Kinetic energy:

• Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by any moving object

• The faster an object, the more kinetic energy

• The kinetic energy content of an object depends on the mass of the object, m and the speed of the object, v

• Formula: Kinetic energy (J) = mass of object, m (kg) x (velocity x velocity), v² (m/s)

  = \({1 \over 2}\) Mv²