2.1 |
Human Respiratory System |
Definition |
The respiratory system is a respiratory system that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the lungs
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The structure of the human respiratory system:
The function of each structure in the human respiratory system:
Parts |
Structure
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Function
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Nasal cavity
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The cavity consists of moist tissue and fine hairs
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Moisturizes the air that passes through it as well as traps dust in the air
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Trachea
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The outer wall is made up of cartilage rings, while the inner wall is made up of epithelial cells with cilia and cells that secrete mucus
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The cartilage ring prevents the trachea from perishing. Cilia and mucus help to trap dust and micro-organisms present in the air
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Bronchus
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Two branches of the trachea leading to the lungs
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The air continues to the left and right lungs
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Lungs
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Soft, like a sponge, as well as rich in blood vessels and alveoli
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Where the gas exchange takes place
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Rib
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Cage-shaped bones in the thoracic cavity
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Protects the lungs
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Diaphragm
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Dome-shaped muscles when at rest
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Separate the piston cavity from the abdominal cavity
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Intercostal muscles
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Muscle tissue between two ribs. It is also known as skeletal muscle
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Move the ribs
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The mechanisms of the human respiratory system:
The difference between inhalation and exhalation:
Inhalation
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Exhalation
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The outer intercostal muscles contract
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The outer intercostal muscles relax
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The ribs move up and out
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Rib
moving down and in
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The diaphragm shrinks and flattens
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The diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards
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The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases
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The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases
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Air enters the lungs
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Air is exhaled from the lungs
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Oxygen content 21.0% and carbon dioxide 0.03%
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Oxygen content 16.4% and carbon dioxide
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The differences in oxygen and carbon dioxide content in certain parts:
Parts
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Content
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Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide
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Alveolus
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High
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Low
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Pulmonary blood capillaries
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Low
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High
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Capillary tissue
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High
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Low
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Body cells
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Low
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High
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