Human Respiratory System

2.1  Human Respiratory System

 

Definition

The respiratory system is a respiratory system that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the lungs

The structure of the human respiratory system:

 

The function of each structure in the human respiratory system:

Parts

Structure

Function

Nasal cavity

The cavity consists of moist tissue and fine hairs

Moisturizes the air that passes through it as well as traps dust in the air

Trachea

The outer wall is made up of cartilage rings, while the inner wall is made up of epithelial cells with cilia and cells that secrete mucus

The cartilage ring prevents the trachea from perishing. Cilia and mucus help to trap dust and micro-organisms present in the air

Bronchus

Two branches of the trachea leading to the lungs

The air continues to the left and right lungs

Lungs

Soft, like a sponge, as well as rich in blood vessels and alveoli

Where the gas exchange takes place

Rib

Cage-shaped bones in the thoracic cavity

Protects the lungs

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscles when at rest

Separate the piston cavity from the abdominal cavity

Intercostal muscles

Muscle tissue between two ribs. It is also known as skeletal muscle

Move the ribs

The mechanisms of the human respiratory system:

 

 The difference between inhalation and exhalation:

Inhalation

Exhalation

The outer intercostal muscles contract

The outer intercostal muscles relax

The ribs move up and out

Rib
moving down and in

The diaphragm shrinks and flattens

The diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards

The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases

The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases

Air enters the lungs

Air is exhaled from the lungs

Oxygen content 21.0% and carbon dioxide 0.03%

Oxygen content 16.4% and carbon dioxide

 The differences in oxygen and carbon dioxide content in certain parts:

Parts

Content

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Alveolus

High

Low

Pulmonary blood capillaries

Low

High

Capillary tissue

High

Low

Body cells

Low

High