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- Carbohydrate
- Protein
- Fat
- Vitamin
- Mineral
- Fibre
- Water
1) Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrate contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- It supplies a lot of energy
- Examples: Starch - food stored in plants, Glycogen - food stored in animals, Cellulose - forms the cell wall of plants
2) Protein
- Protein contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
- Required for growth, repair damaged tissues and to replace dead cells
- Used to synthesise enzymes, hormones and antibodies
- Example : Chicken, Meat and Seafood
3) Fat
- Fat contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- Formed from glycerol and fatty acid
- Fat is a high energy source and storage
- Protects the organs, act as transporter for vitamin A,D,E and K and a heat insulator to regulate body temperature
4) Vitamin
- Vitamin is needed in small quantities to maintain good health
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\(\searrow\) |
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Water-soluble vitamins
(Vitamin B and C)
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Fat-soluble vitamins
(Vitamin A,D,E and K)
|
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Type, source, importance and effects of vitamin deficiency
| Vitamin |
Function |
Effects of deficiency |
|
A
Milk
Egg yolk
|
Maintains skin health |
Skin diseases |
|
B
Yeast
Liver
|
Formation of blood cells |
Beri-beri
Anaemia
|
|
C
Fruits
Vegetables
|
Maintains the health of gums and mouth |
Scurvy (bleeding gums) |
|
D
Butter
Eggs
|
Strengthens tooth enamel |
Rickets
Toothache
|
|
E
Grains
Green vegetables
|
Maintains the functions of the reproductive system |
Sterility
Foetus miscarriage
|
|
K
Milk
Egg yolk
|
Speeds up the blood-clotting process |
Prolonged bleeding |
5) Fibre
- Fibre comprises of cellulose that is found in the cell wall of plants
- Very important to stimulate peristalsis which prevents constipation
- Example : Vegetables, Grains and High fibre bread
6) Mineral
- Minerals do not supply energy,but are required in small quantities to regulate body process to maintain health
7) Water
- Water contains hydrogen and oxygen
- Acts as a chemical solvent, transportation medium and regulates body temperature
Types,sources,importance and effects of mineral deficiency
| Mineral |
Importance and effects of defienciecy |
|
Calcium
Milk,Anchovies
|
Strengthens bones and teeth
Effect:
Rickets
Osteoporosis
|
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Sodium
Salt,Meat
|
Maintains the functions of the nervous system
Effect: Muscle cramps
|
|
Iron
Liver,Meat
|
Build haemoglobin in the blood
Effect: Anaemia
|
|
Iodine
Seafood,Fruits
|
Helps with the functions of thyroid gland
Effect: Goiter
|
|
Phosphorus
Cheese,Meat
|
Forms nucleic acid in DNA and RNA
Effect:
Brittle teeth
Cannot build DNA and RNA
|
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Potassium
Plants and animals
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Helps with muscle contraction
Effect: Paralysis
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