4.1

 Infectious and Non - Infectious Diseases

• Caused by infection of pathogens directly through mediums and vectors
• Example: Tuberculosis
• The disease can be transmitted from one individual to another

• Caused by genetic factors or lifestyle
• Example: Cancer
• The disease cannot be transmitted from one individual to another

Droplet transmission

Dust transmission

• Cover the mouth and nose when sneezing, coughing or yawning 
• Do not spit everywhere
• Avoid being in a crowded place

• Tuberculosis
• Flu
• Influenza A (H1N1)

Happens in an area with an inadequate water supply and poor sanitation

• Build toilets with good sanitation
• Boil drinking water properly
• Wash hands with soap after using the toilet

• Cholera
• Typhoid
• Amoebic dysentery

Example: Ringworm and Tinea - Touching the infected skin or wearing the same clothes of an infected person will cause infections to occur

Animals that transmit these pathogens are called vectors.

Example : 

1) Cockroach - Salmonella typhi

2) Aedes mosquito - Dengue virus

How do Vectors Spread Diseases?

Example :

• A fly that lands on dirt has pathogen on its legs and body
• The fly transmits the pathogens to the food
• The pathogens enter the body of the person who eats the contaminated food

Three stages of preventions of infectious diseases

1) Primary stage - Improving health

2) Secondary stage - Determining transmission of infections through active and passive case detection

3) Tertiary stage - Controlling vector populations