The apparatus commonly used in a laboratory and their function
Boiling tube
To heat a small amount of chemicals
Test tube
To hold small amounts of chemicals
Beaker, conical flask, flat-bottom flask
To hold larger amounts of chemicals
Measuring cylinder
To measure volume of liquid
Burette
To measure volume of liquid accurately
Pipette
To measure a fixed volume of liquid
Tripod stand
To support appratus during heating
Wire gauze
To spread heat evenly during heating
Filter funnel
To filter or separate insoluble solids from mixtures
Gas jar
To contain gas
Retort stand with clamp
To hold or support apparatus
Evaporating dish
To evaporate excess solvent
Irritant
Chemicals which irritate give out vapour or fumes that will hurt the eyes, nose and throat.
Avoid inhaling the vapour or fumes.
Use the chemicals inside a fume chamber.
Examples: chloroform and ammonia.
Radioactive
Radioactive materials that emit radioactive rays can cause cancer. Examples: uranium and plutonium.
Corrosive
These chemicals are corrosive. DO NOT touch these chemicals because it will burn your skin. In case of contact with the skin, wash the affected part with lots of water. Examples: concentrated acid and alkali.
Poison/Toxic
This chemical is poisonous or toxic. DO NOT drink, eat, smell or taste this chemical. Examples: mercury and chlorine.
Explosive
This chemical easily vaporises and is flammable. KEEP AWAY this chemical from fire or heat sources. Use this chemical according to instructions carefully. Examples: alcohol and petro
Flammable
This chemical easily vaporises and is flammable. KEEP AWAY this chemical from fire or heat sources. Use this chemical according to instructions carefully. Examples: alcohol and petrol
Laboratory Rules:
Safety measures when using chemicals and apparatus:
Assess yourself by staged practices