Energy transferred or work done by an electrical source to move one coulomb of charge in a complete circuit.
\(\varepsilon=\dfrac{E}{Q}\), where, \(\varepsilon\) = electromotive force, E = energy transferred / work done, Q = the amount of charge flowing
Resistance caused by electrolyte in the dry cell.
\(\varepsilon > V\)
\(Ir = \varepsilon - V\)
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