Arguments

 
3.2  Arguments
 
  Definition   
     
 

A process of making a conclusion based on statements is known as argumentations

 
     
  An argument can consist of several premises and one conclusion.  
     
  A premise is a statement that gives information before making a conlusion and conclusion is an outcome and decision.   
 
  • The specific statements are statements that refer to a particular case, while the general statements that describe a concept. 
 
Types of arguments 
 
  1. Deductive argument (A process of making a specific conclusion based on general premises)
  2. Inductive argument (A process of making a general conclusion based on specific premises
 
Determine and justify the validity of deductive arguments 
 

A valid deductive can be categorised into three forms. 

 
  Form I Form II Form III
Premise 1 All \(P\) are \(Q\) If \(a\) is \(b\)  If \(a\) is \(b\)
Premise 2 \(R\) is \(P\)  \(a\) is true  Not \(b\) is true 
Conclusion \(R\) is \(Q\) \(b\) is true  not \(a\) is true 
 
A deductive arguments is said to be valid if all the premises and the conclusion are true.