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Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
5.3
Covalent Bond
Formation of Covalent Bond
The formation of the covalent bond only happens when both of the atoms combined are non-metals.
The elements in group 14, 15, 16, 17 are non-metals.
The formation of the covalent bond can happen either between the same or different atoms.
The covalent bond is formed from the sharing of electrons.
Types of Covalent Bond
Explaination
Single bond
One pair of electrons shared between two atoms.
Double bond
Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
Triple bond
Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
Formation of Covalent Bond
Formation of Single Bond
The formation of a covalent bond happens when the electrons were shared between the atoms.
A single covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons being shared.
The sharing of electrons is to make sure the atoms are able to reach the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement.
Below shows how the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms,
\(H_2O\)
as below:
Formation of Double Covalent Bond
The double covalent bond is formed when the two non-metal atoms are combined, in order to reach the stable octet electron arrangement.
A double covalent bond means two pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms.
Usually, the atoms that form double bonds has 6 valence electrons.
Below shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms,
\(O_2\)
:
Formation of Triple Covalent Bond
A triple bond is formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
Below shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms,
\(N_2\)
:
Comparison between Ionic Bond and Covalent Bond
Similarities
Involve valence electrons only.
Atoms achieve stable octet or duplet electron arrangement.
Differemce
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Transfer of electrons
Sharing of electrons
Between metal atoms and non-metal atoms
Between non-metal atoms
Forms a positively-charged ion and a negatively-charged ion
Forms a molecules
Covalent Bond
5.3
Covalent Bond
Formation of Covalent Bond
The formation of the covalent bond only happens when both of the atoms combined are non-metals.
The elements in group 14, 15, 16, 17 are non-metals.
The formation of the covalent bond can happen either between the same or different atoms.
The covalent bond is formed from the sharing of electrons.
Types of Covalent Bond
Explaination
Single bond
One pair of electrons shared between two atoms.
Double bond
Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
Triple bond
Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
Formation of Covalent Bond
Formation of Single Bond
The formation of a covalent bond happens when the electrons were shared between the atoms.
A single covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons being shared.
The sharing of electrons is to make sure the atoms are able to reach the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement.
Below shows how the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms,
\(H_2O\)
as below:
Formation of Double Covalent Bond
The double covalent bond is formed when the two non-metal atoms are combined, in order to reach the stable octet electron arrangement.
A double covalent bond means two pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms.
Usually, the atoms that form double bonds has 6 valence electrons.
Below shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms,
\(O_2\)
:
Formation of Triple Covalent Bond
A triple bond is formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
Below shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms,
\(N_2\)
:
Comparison between Ionic Bond and Covalent Bond
Similarities
Involve valence electrons only.
Atoms achieve stable octet or duplet electron arrangement.
Differemce
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Transfer of electrons
Sharing of electrons
Between metal atoms and non-metal atoms
Between non-metal atoms
Forms a positively-charged ion and a negatively-charged ion
Forms a molecules
Chapter : Chemical Bonds
Topic : Covalent Bond
Form 4
Chemistry
View all notes for Chemistry Form 4
Related notes
Basic Formation of Compounds
Ionic Bond
Hydrogen Bond
Dative Bond
Metallic Bond
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Development in Chemistry Field
Scientific Investigation in Chemistry
Usage, Management and Handling of Apparatus and Materials
Basic Concept of Matter
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