Explaining with examples the formation of an ionic bond

Ionic Bond

5.2

Ionic Bond

Formation of Ion

Is formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal atom and a non-metal atom.

The image shows a diagram titled ‘Types of Ions.’ At the top, there is a label with the title inside a blue-bordered shape. Below the title, there is an illustration of a person with short black hair, wearing a blue shirt, smiling and pointing downwards. Below the person, there are two boxes. The left box is labeled ‘Positive ion’ and the right box is labeled ‘Negative ion.’ Both labels are written in blue text. There are red arrows pointing from the person to each of the boxes.

Formation of Ion

Atoms are neutral if the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
The formation of an ion happens when the atom donates or receives electron(s).
There are two types of ions
- Positive ion
  - Also known as a cation.
  - Formed when an electron is being donated from a neutral atom.
  - The number of protons is more than the number of electrons.
  - \(X \rightarrow X^{n+} + ne^-\)
- Negative ion
  - Also known as an anion.
  - Formed when an electron is being received to a neutral atom.
  - The number of protons is less than the number of electrons.
  - \(Y + me^- \rightarrow Y^{m-}\)

If X and Y react to each other:
- \(X^{n+} + Y^{m-} \rightarrow X_mY_n\)
In general, metals are mostly positive ions, and non-metals are negative ions.
The positive ions are usually from group 1, 2 and 13.
The positive ion will donate electron(s) from the valence shell in order to achieve the stable duplet or octet arrangement.

Formation of Ionic Bond

Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic compound.
- Sodium has an electron arrangement of 2.8.12.8.1.
- In order for the atom to gain a stable octet arrangement, the atom has to donate the valence electron.
- Chloride has an electron arrangement of 2.8.72.8.7.
- In order for the atom to gain a stable octet arrangement, the atom has to receive one electron.
- When the sodium atom donates the electron to the chloride, then the ionic bond is formed because of the electrostatic forces between the two ions.
- The substance is now is called sodium chloride.
- The equation is:
  - \(Na^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow NaCl\)

The diagram shows the formation of ionic bond between sodium and chloride.

Ionic Bond

5.2

Ionic Bond

Formation of Ion

Is formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal atom and a non-metal atom.

The image shows a diagram titled ‘Types of Ions.’ At the top, there is a label with the title inside a blue-bordered shape. Below the title, there is an illustration of a person with short black hair, wearing a blue shirt, smiling and pointing downwards. Below the person, there are two boxes. The left box is labeled ‘Positive ion’ and the right box is labeled ‘Negative ion.’ Both labels are written in blue text. There are red arrows pointing from the person to each of the boxes.

Formation of Ion

Atoms are neutral if the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
The formation of an ion happens when the atom donates or receives electron(s).
There are two types of ions
- Positive ion
  - Also known as a cation.
  - Formed when an electron is being donated from a neutral atom.
  - The number of protons is more than the number of electrons.
  - \(X \rightarrow X^{n+} + ne^-\)
- Negative ion
  - Also known as an anion.
  - Formed when an electron is being received to a neutral atom.
  - The number of protons is less than the number of electrons.
  - \(Y + me^- \rightarrow Y^{m-}\)

If X and Y react to each other:
- \(X^{n+} + Y^{m-} \rightarrow X_mY_n\)
In general, metals are mostly positive ions, and non-metals are negative ions.
The positive ions are usually from group 1, 2 and 13.
The positive ion will donate electron(s) from the valence shell in order to achieve the stable duplet or octet arrangement.

Formation of Ionic Bond

Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic compound.
- Sodium has an electron arrangement of 2.8.12.8.1.
- In order for the atom to gain a stable octet arrangement, the atom has to donate the valence electron.
- Chloride has an electron arrangement of 2.8.72.8.7.
- In order for the atom to gain a stable octet arrangement, the atom has to receive one electron.
- When the sodium atom donates the electron to the chloride, then the ionic bond is formed because of the electrostatic forces between the two ions.
- The substance is now is called sodium chloride.
- The equation is:
  - \(Na^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow NaCl\)

The diagram shows the formation of ionic bond between sodium and chloride.