Types of mutation:

• Gene mutation
• Chromosome mutation

Gene mutation:

• Gene mutations occur when there is a change in the nucleotide base sequence in a gene
• Gene mutations are also known as point mutations. These changes alter the genetic code used for amino acid synthesis.
• As a result, the structure of the produced protein changes and the new protein synthesized is unable to function.
• Gene mutations occur through base replacement, base deletion and base insertion
• Gene mutations cause genetic diseases such as thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, albinism and hemophilia

Chromosome mutation:

• Chromosome mutations involve changes in the structure of chromosomes or changes in the number of chromosomes.
• Chromosomal mutations can cause characteristic changes in an organism.
• Changes in chromosomal structure involve changes in the arrangement of genes on a chromosome.
• Changes in the structure of chromosomes cause abnormalities in those chromosomes.
• This condition of abnormality is called chromosomal aberration.
• The types of changes in chromosomal structure are such as disappearance, multiplication, inversion and translocation

Deletion:

• A part or a segment of chromosome is deleted or lost (loss of a few genes)

Duplication:

• A part of a chromosome is copied which causes repetition og gene sequence

Inversion:

• A segment of chromosome is reversed end to end at 180 degree then rejoin (change in DNA sequence of chromosome)

Translocation:

• Part of the chromosome is cut,then join to another non-homologous chromosome