In this chapter, we will be learning about light and optics. We will start by understanding the phenomenon of refraction of light and the concept of refractive index, which measures how much light bends when it passes through different mediums. Next, we will explore total internal reflection, which occurs when light is completely reflected back into a medium instead of being refracted out. We will also learn about the critical angle and its relationship with the refractive index. Moving on, we will study image formation by lenses, specifically convex lenses that converge light and concave lenses that diverge light. We will learn how to estimate the focal length of a convex lens using a far object. Lastly, we will delve into the thin lens formula, conducting experiments to understand the relationship between object distance and image distance for a convex lens, as well as determining the focal length of a thin lens using the lens formula. We will also solve problems involving thin lens formulas for both convex and concave lenses.
• Describes the phenomenon of refraction of light
• Explain the refractive index, n
• Understand the concept of Snell Law
• Experiment in determining the refractive index, n of a glass block or a perspect
• Explain the real depth and apparent depth
• Experiment in determining the refractive indexes by using real depth and apparent depth
• Solve problems related to refraction of light
• Describe the critical angle and total internal reflection
• Relate the critical angle with the refractive index
• Communicate to describe the natural phenomena and applications of total internal reflection in daily life
• Solve problems that involving total internal reflection
• Identify convex lenses as converging lenses and concave lenses as diverging lenses
• Estimate the focal length of a convex lens using a far object
• Determine the image position and image characteristics formed by: (i) convex lens (ii) concave lens
• State the linear magnification, m
• Experiment to: (i) study the relationship between object distance, u and image distance, v for a convex lens. (ii) determine the focal length of the thin lens by using the lens Formula
• Solve problems involving thin lens formulas for convex and concave lenses
• Justify the use of lenses in optical devices such as magnifying lenses, microscopes and telescopes
• Design and construct microscopes and telescopes
• Communicate to describe the application of small size lenses in optical devices technology
• Determine the image position and image characteristics formed by: (i) concave mirror (ii) convex mirror
• Communicate in describing the application of concave and convex mirrors in life
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