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| Bahagian A |
| Section A |
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| [60 markah] |
| [60 marks] |
| Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. |
| Answer all questions in this section. |
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1 |
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Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan keratas rentas satu daun. |
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Diagram 1.1 shows a cross-section of a leaf. |
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Tumbuhan P |
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Plant P |
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Rajah 1.1 |
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Diagram 1.1 |
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(a) |
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Namakan struktur berlabel A, B dan C |
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Name structure labelled A, B and C. |
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A: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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B: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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C: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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[3 markah] |
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[3 marks] |
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(b) |
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Terangkan mengapa bilangan C lebih banyak di bahagian epidermis bawah berbanding epidermis atas daun. |
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Explain why the number of C is abundant in the lower epidermis than the upper epidermis of the leaf. |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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(c) |
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Nyatakan satu penyesuaian struktur D untuk meningkatkan peresapan gas karbon dioksida dan air merentasi daun semasa fotosinteis. |
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State one adaptation of structure D to increase carbon dioxide and water absorption during photosynthesis. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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2 |
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Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan. |
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Diagram 2.1 shows an animal cell. |
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Rajah 2.1 |
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Diagram 2.1 |
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(a) |
(i) |
Namakan organel P, Q dan R. |
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Name organelle P, Q and R |
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Organel P/ Organelle P: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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Organel Q/ Organelle Q: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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Organel R/ Organelle R: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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[3 markah] |
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[3 marks] |
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(ii) |
Nyatakan satu ciri organel Q. |
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State one characteristic of Q. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(b) |
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Maklumat berikut adalah berkaitan dengan ciri satu organel dalam sel. |
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The following information are features of an organelle in a cell. |
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- Berbentuk sfera atau bujur.
- Spherical or oblonged shape.
- Membran luar licin tetapi membran dalam berlipat-lipat.
- Smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane.
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Nyatakan organel yang mempunyai ciri sepunya di atas. |
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State an organelle which has features as stated above. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(c) |
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Nyatakan satu perbezaan sel haiwan dengan tumbuhan dalam Jadual 1. |
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State one differences of animal cell plant cell in Table 1. |
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Sel tumbuhan
Plant cell
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Sel haiwan
Animal cell
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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3 |
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Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan peranan mikroorganisma dalam kitar nitrogen. |
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Diagram 3.1 shows a role of microorganism in nitrogen cycle. |
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Rajah 3.1 |
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Diagram 3.1 |
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(a) |
(i) |
Namakan mikroorganisma P dan Q. |
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Name microorganism P and Q. |
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P: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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Q: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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(ii) |
Nyatakan fungsi mikroorganisma P dalam kitar nitrogen di atas. |
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Explain the function of microorganism P in the nitrogen cycle above. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(iii) |
Namakan jenis tumbuhan di mana mikroorganisma P dalam rajah di atas hidup di dalamnya. |
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Name the type of plants that microorganism P in the diagram above is living in. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(b) |
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Nyatakan dua kepentingan kitar nitrogen. |
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State two importance of nitrogen cycle. |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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(c) |
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Seorang petani mendapati tanahnya tidak subur. Apakah kaedah semula jadi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. |
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A farmer found hid land infertile. What are the natural methods that can be used to overcome this problem. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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4 |
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Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan keratan membujur sekuntum bunga. |
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Diagram 4.1 shows a longitudinal section of a flower. |
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Rajah 4.1 |
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Diagram 4.1 |
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(a) |
(i) |
Namakan struktur berlabel R,U dan T |
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Name the structure labelled R,U and T. |
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R: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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U: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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T: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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[3 markah] |
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[3 marks] |
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(b) |
(i) |
Apakah kesan jika bunga itu dipotong pada S. |
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What is the effect when the flower is cut at S. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(ii) |
Struktur S merembes larutan bergula yang dinamakan nektar. Apakah kepentingan larutan bergula tersebut? |
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Structure S secretes a sugary solution called nectar. What is the importance of the solution. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(c) |
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Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan keratas rentas karpel bunga setelah pendebungaan berlaku. |
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Diagram 4.2 shows a cross-section of a flower carpel after pollination has occured. |
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Rajah 4.2 |
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Diagram 4.2 |
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Manakah dua struktur pada Rajah 4.2 yang akan terus berkembang selepas persenyawaan? |
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Which two structure in Diagram 4.2 will continue to grow after fertilization? |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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5 |
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Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada anggota badan manusia yang terlibat dalam pergerakan. |
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Diagram 5.1 shows a part of the human body limb that involved in movement. |
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Rajah 5.1 |
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Diagram 5.1 |
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Namakan struktur tisu R dan jenis sendi S. |
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Name the structure tissue R and the type of joint S. |
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Tisu R/ Tissue R: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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Sendi S/ Joint S: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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(b) |
(i) |
Terangkan peranan otot X, otot Y dan R dalam menghasilkan keadaan anggota seperti dalam Rajah 5.1. |
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Explain the function of X muscle, Y muscle and structure R in produced the limb position shows in Diagram 5.1. |
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[3 markah] |
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[3 marks] |
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(ii) |
Terangkan mengapa otot X dan otot Y mesti bekerja dalam pasangan bagi menghasilkan pergerakan. |
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Explain why muscle X and Y must work in pair to produce the movement. |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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(c) |
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Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada pergerakan tangan jika tisu R terkoyak. |
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Explain what happened to the movement of arm if the tissue R is torn. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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6 |
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Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sistem trakea pada seekor serangga. |
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Diagram 6.1 shows the tracheal system of an insect. |
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Rajah 6.1 |
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Diagram 6.1 |
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Namakan X. |
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Name X. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(ii) |
Nyatakan kedudukan struktur X pada serangga. |
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State function of structure X in insects. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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Terangkan perkaitan antara fungsi struktur X dengan kedudukannya seperti yang dinyatakan di 6 (a) (ii). |
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Explain the relationship between the function of structure X and its position as stated in 6 (a) (ii). |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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(c) |
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Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan bronkiol individu yang sihat dan bronkiol individu yang menghidap asma. Asma adalah sejenis penyakit peparu. |
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Diagram 6.2 shows bronchiole of a healthy individual and brochiole of an indivudual with asthma. Asthma is a type of lung disease. |
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Rajah 6.2 |
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Diagram 6.2 |
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Nyatakan dua faktor yang menyebabkan asma. |
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State two factor that causes asthma. |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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(ii) |
Terangkan struktur bronkiol penghidap asma. |
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Describe the bronchial structure of people with asthma. |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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7 |
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Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pergerakan air dari tanah ke salur xilem. |
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Diagram 7.1 shows the movement of water from the soil to xylem vessel. |
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Rajah 7.1 |
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Diagram 7.1 |
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Namakan mekanisme pergerakan air dari tanah ke salur xilem. |
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Name the mechanism by which water moves from the soil to the xylem vessels. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(ii) |
Terangkan bagaimana mekanisme yang dinyatakan di 7 (a) (i) berlaku. |
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Explain how the process stated in 7 (a) (i) takes place. |
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[5 markah] |
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[5 marks] |
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(b) |
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Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan radas eksperimen bagi mengkaji pengangkutan air dalam tumbuhan. |
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Diagram 7.2 shows apparatus of experiment to study the transport of water in plant. |
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Rajah 7.2 |
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Diagram 7.2 |
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Nyatakan faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan aras air pada akhir eskperimen tersebut. |
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State the factor that causes the changes of water lavel at the end of the experiment. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(c) |
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Ekosistem boleh terancam disebabkan oleh banyak jenis pencemaran. Salah satu kaedah untuk mengurangkan ancaman oleh pencemaran adalah fitoremediasi. |
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Ecosystem can be endangered caused by many types of pollution. One of the method to reduce the threat by pollution is phytoremediation. |
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(i) |
Definisikan fitoremediasi. |
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Define phytoremediation. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(ii) |
Nyatakan satu kegunaan firoremediasi dalam kehidupan. |
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State one uses of phytoremediation in life. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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8 |
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Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan tiga jenis tumbuhan, P, Q dan R yang terdapat di kawasan paya bakau. |
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Diagram 8.1 shows three types of plants, P, Q and R found in a mangrove swamp area. |
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Rajah 8.1 |
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Diagram 8.1 |
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Namakan tumbuhan P, Q dan R. |
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Name plants P, Q and R |
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Tumbuhan P/ Plant P: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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Tumbuhan Q/ Plant Q: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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Tumbuhan R/ Plant R: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
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[3 markah] |
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[3 marks] |
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(b) |
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Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan urutan perubahan yang tumbuh di kawasan paya bakau. |
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Diagram 8.2 shows changes of plant sequence in a mangrove area. |
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Rajah 8.2 |
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Diagram 8.2 |
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(i) |
Namakan proses yang menyebabkan tumbuhan dalam Zon 1 tersebar ke habitat baharu. |
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Name the process that causes plants in Zone 1 to distribute to a new habitat |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 marks] |
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(ii) |
Namakan proses yang menyebabkan tumbuhan dalam Zon 1 digantikan oleh tumbuhan dalam Zon 2 |
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Name the process that causes plants in Zone 1 to be replaced by plants in Zone 2 |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(iii) |
Tumbuhan di dalam Zon ditebang untuk membina kolam ternakan ikan. Terangkan bagaimana aktiviti ini mempengaruhi ekosistem paya bakau. |
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The plants in Zone 2 are cut down to build a fish breeding pond. Explain how this activity affects the mangrove ecosystem |
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[3 markah] |
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[3 mark] |
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(d) |
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Maklumat berikut menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh sekumpulan murid untuk mengaggarkan saiz populasi katak di suatu habitat. |
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The following information shows the results of an experiment carried out by a group of pupils to estimate the population size of frogs in a habitat. |
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- 60 ekor katak ditangkap dan ditanda pada hari pertama.
- 60 frogs are caught and marked on the first day.
- 20 ekor katak ditangkap seminggu kemudian, 12 ekor adalah bertanda.
- 20 frogs are caught a week later, 12 frogs are marked.
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Nyatakan saiz populasi katak di habitat tersebut. |
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State the population size of the frogs in the habitat. |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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Bahagian B |
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Section B |
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[20 markah] |
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[20 marks] |
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Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini. |
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Answer any one question in this section. |
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9 |
(a) |
Hemofilia adalah penyakit yang ada sejak dilahirkan. Ia tidak boleh berjangkit daripada seseorang dan biasanya diwarisi, maksudnya melalui gen (baka) ibu bapa. Terangkan penyebab kepada penyakit ini. |
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Hemophilia is a disease that exists from birth. It cannot be transmitted from a person and is usually inherited, meaning through the genes (breed) of the parents. Describe the causes of the disease. |
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[5 markah] |
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[5 marks] |
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(b) |
Seorang perempuan mempunyai kumpulan darah B heterozigot, manakala seorang lelaki mempunyai kumpulan darah A heterozigot. Jika pasangan ini mempunyai sepasang anak kembar tak seiras, apakah keberangkalian kedua-dua anak itu mempunyai kumpulan darah A? Terangkan pewarisan kumpulan darah keluarga ini menggunakan rajah skema kacukan dan simbol yang sesuai. |
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A woman has heterozygous B blood group and a man has heterozygous A blood group. If the couple has an unidentical twins, what are the chances of both children having A blood group? Explain the inheritance of blood group of this family by using a schematic diagram using appropriate symbols. |
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[10 markah] |
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[10 marks] |
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(c) |
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan kariotip sejenis penyakit genetik pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh tak disjungsi kromosom. |
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Diagram 9.1 shows a karyotype of a genetic disease in human caused by nondisjunction of chromosome. |
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Rajah 9.1 |
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Diagram 9.1 |
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(i) |
Apakah nama penyakit genetik dalam Rajah 9.1. |
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What is the name of genetic disease in Diagram 9.1. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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(ii) |
Nyatakan tiga ciri penyakit genetik dalam Rajah 9.1. |
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State three characteristics of genetic disease in Diagram 9.1. |
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[3 markah] |
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[3 marks] |
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(iii) |
Nyatakan bilangan kromosom penyakit genetik yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.1. |
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State the number of chromosomes of genetic disease shown in Figure 9.1. |
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[1 markah] |
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[1 mark] |
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10 |
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Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan menunjukkan tisu tulang seorang wanita berumur 30 tahun. Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan tisu tulang bagi individu berumur 30 tahun yang menghidapi osteoporosis. |
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Diagram 10.1 shows the bone tissue of a 30 years old woman. Diagram 10.2 shows the bone tissue of a 30 years old individual suffering from osteoporosis. |
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Rajah 10.1 |
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Diagram 10.2 |
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Rajah 10.2 |
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Diagram 10.2 |
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(a) |
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Cadangkan cara-cara untuk mengekalkan keadaan tulang dalam Rajah 10.1. |
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Suggest ways to maintain the bone condition as shown in Diagarm 10.1. |
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[4 markah] |
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[4 marks] |
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(b) |
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Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan pandangan sisi seekor ikan. Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan keratan rentas ikan tersebut di X yang menunjukkan miotom. |
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Diagram 10.3 shows a lateral view of a fish. Diagram 10.4 shows the cross section of the fish at X showing the myotomes. |
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Rajah 10.3 |
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Diagram 10.3 |
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Berdasarkan Rajah 6.3 dan 6.4, terangkan adaptasi untuk ikan bergerak di dalam air. |
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Based on Diagram 6.3 and 6.4, explain the adaptations for fish to move in the water. |
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[6 markah] |
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[6 marks] |
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Rajah 10.4 |
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Diagram 10.4 |
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Berdasarkan Rajah 6.3 dan 6.4, terangkan adaptasi untuk ikan bergerak di dalam air. |
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Based on Diagram 6.3 and 6.4, explain the adaptations for fish to move in the water. |
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[6 markah] |
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[6 marks] |
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(c) |
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- Jantina: Lelaki
- Gender: Male
- Pekerjaan: Pekebun
- Occupation: Gardener
- Umur: 37 tahun
- Age: 37 years old
- Keadaan kesihatan: Menunjukkan symptom awal penyakit tulang , sendi dan otot (MSD)
- Health condition: Showing early symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disease (MSD)
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Penyakit tulang, sendi dan otot (MSD) adalah ketidakupayaan fizikal yang mempengaruhi otot, tulang dan sendi. Risiko untuk menghidap MSD meningkat dengan peningkatan umur. Simptom-simptom MSD termasuk:
- Sakit otot di pergelangan lutut, bahu dan belakang
- Sendi bengkak
Langkah pencegahan boleh diambil untuk mengelakkan MSD. Perubahan gaya hidup dan mengambil diet yang sesuai boleh membantu menjadikan tulang, otot dan sendi lebih kuat.
Musculoskeletal disease (MSD) consist of minor physical disabilities that effects muscles, bones and joints. MSD risk increased with age. Symptoms of MSD include:
- Muscular pain in wrist, knee, shoulder and back
- Swollen joint
Preventive measure can be taken to prevent MSD. Changes in lifestyle habits and take suitbale diet can help your bones, muscle and joint stronger.
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Berdasarkan pernyataan-pernyataan di atas dan pengetahuan Biologi anda, cadangkan beberapa cara yang boleh diberikan kepada Encik K untuk meningkatkan keadaan kesihatannya. |
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Based on the above statements and your biological knowledge, suggest various ways that you can advise Mr K to improve his health condition. |
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[10 markah] |
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[10 marks] |
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Bahagian C |
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Section C |
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[20 markah] |
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[20 marks] |
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Jawab semua soalan daripada bahagian ini. |
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Answers all the questions from this section. |
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11 |
(a) |
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan perkembangan folikel di dalam ovari dalam satu kitar haid. |
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Diagram 11.1 shows the development of folicle in the ovary in a mesntrual cycle. |
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Rajah 11.1 |
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Diagram 11.1 |
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Huraikan peristiwa serta perubahan hormon pada hari 21 -28 jika persenyawaan tidak berlaku. |
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Describe events and hormonal changes on days 21 -28 if fertillization does not take place. |
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[5 markah] |
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[5 marks] |
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(b) |
Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan fetus manusia di dalam uterus. |
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Diagram 11.2 shows a human foetus inside a uterus. |
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Rajah 11.2 |
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Diagram 11.2 |
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(i) |
Terangkan komposisi darah yang mengalir melalui salur darah pada tali pusat. |
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Explain the blood composition that flows through the blood vessel at umbilical cord. |
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[2 markah] |
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[2 marks] |
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(ii) |
Fetus mempunyai sistem aliran darah yang terpisah daripada sistem aliran darah ibunya.Terangkan. |
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The foetus has its own blood circulation system, separate from its mother. Explain why. |
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[5 markah] |
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[5 marks] |
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(iii) |
Terangkan bagaimana plasenta dapat membantu sistem pertahanan fetus. |
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Explain how placenta can helps in foetal immune response. |
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[3 markah] |
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[3 marks] |
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(c) |
Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan suatu serangga. |
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Diagram 11.3 shows the growth curve of an insect. |
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Rajah 11.3 |
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Diagram 11.3 |
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Explain process X in the growth curve. |
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Terangkan proses X dalam lengkung pertumbuhan tersebut. |
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[5 markah] |
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[5 marks] |
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