| 2.1 | Human Respiratory System |
| Definition |
|
The respiratory system is a respiratory system that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the lungs |
The structure of the human respiratory system:
The function of each structure in the human respiratory system:
| Parts |
Structure |
Function |
|
Nasal cavity |
The cavity consists of moist tissue and fine hairs |
Moisturizes the air that passes through it as well as traps dust in the air |
|
Trachea |
The outer wall is made up of cartilage rings, while the inner wall is made up of epithelial cells with cilia and cells that secrete mucus |
The cartilage ring prevents the trachea from perishing. Cilia and mucus help to trap dust and micro-organisms present in the air |
|
Bronchus |
Two branches of the trachea leading to the lungs |
The air continues to the left and right lungs |
|
Lungs |
Soft, like a sponge, as well as rich in blood vessels and alveoli |
Where the gas exchange takes place |
|
Rib |
Cage-shaped bones in the thoracic cavity |
Protects the lungs |
|
Diaphragm |
Dome-shaped muscles when at rest |
Separate the piston cavity from the abdominal cavity |
|
Intercostal muscles |
Muscle tissue between two ribs. It is also known as skeletal muscle |
Move the ribs |
The mechanisms of the human respiratory system:
The difference between inhalation and exhalation:
|
Inhalation |
Exhalation |
|
The outer intercostal muscles contract |
The outer intercostal muscles relax |
|
The ribs move up and out |
Rib |
|
The diaphragm shrinks and flattens |
The diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards |
|
The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases |
The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases |
|
Air enters the lungs |
Air is exhaled from the lungs |
|
Oxygen content 21.0% and carbon dioxide 0.03% |
Oxygen content 16.4% and carbon dioxide |
The differences in oxygen and carbon dioxide content in certain parts:
|
Parts |
Content |
|
|
Oxygen |
Carbon dioxide |
|
|
Alveolus |
High |
Low |
|
Pulmonary blood capillaries |
Low |
High |
|
Capillary tissue |
High |
Low |
|
Body cells |
Low |
High |
