Urinary System (2)

The function of the kidneys as an osmoregulatory organ (2)

Kidney control the concentration of ions in body fluids

The function of the kidneys as an osmoregulatory organ (3)

Kidney control blood osmotic pressure, which is the concentration of dissolved materials and volume of blood and body fluid

The function of the kidneys as an osmoregulatory organ (4)

Kidney control electrolyte content and pH of blood and body fluids

Major processes involved in the production of urine

Ultrafiltration, reabsorption and secretion

Structure of nephrons (1)

Each kidney is made up of millions of functional units called nephrons

Structure of nephrons (2)

Each nephron is made up of the following structures: • Bowman’s capsule • Glomerulus • Renal tubule

Structure of nephrons (3)

Bowman’s capsule of nephrons is cup-shaped and contains a cluster of blood capillaries called glomerulus

Structure of nephrons (4)

The glomerulus of nephron is formed from the afferent arteriole branching from the renal artery

Structure of nephrons (5)

The glomerulus of nephron merge again to form the efferent arteriole

Structure of nephrons (6)

The renal tubules of nephrons are composed of the proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule