Types of Carbon Compounds (5)

Chemistry

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Stages of oil refining

The two stages of oil refining are fractional distillation and cracking

Fractional distillation

The fractions of hydrocarbons in petroleum are separated at different temperatures according to the size of the hydrocarbons

Cracking

Long chain hydrocarbons are cracked into smaller molecules at a high temperature using a catalyst

First stage in oil refining - fractional distillation (1)

During the fractional distillation process, petroleum is heated and streamed into a distillation tower

First stage in oil refining - fractional distillation (2)

The fractions in petroleum can be separated because each fraction of the hydrocarbons has its own boiling point

First stage in oil refining - fractional distillation (3)

Hydrocarbons with a lower boiling point will vaporise first, and then rise to the top of the tower before condensing and separating

First stage in oil refining - fractional distillation (4)

Hydrocarbons with a higher boiling point are collected at the bottom of the tower and will condense into liquid

Main uses of hydrocarbon compounds derived from fractional distillation (1)

As fuels

Main uses of hydrocarbon compounds derived from fractional distillation (2)

As raw materials for the petrochemical industry

Petroleum fractional distillation process at an oil refinery

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