Mutation (7)

Methods that can be used to identify gene disorder diseases (1)

Using amniocentesis

Methods that can be used to identify gene disorder diseases (2)

Karyotyping

Amniocentesis (1)

Is used to identify foetal cell abnormalities from the 15th to the 20th week of pregnancy

Amniocentesis (2)

At the beginning, the position of the foetus in the uterus is detected using the ultrasound technique to ensure safe foetal position

Steps in amnocentesis (1)

A needle will be inserted carefully through the mother's abdomen penetrating the wall of the uterus

Steps in amniocentesis (2)

Amniotic fluid that contains floating foetal cells is extracted

Steps in amniocentesis (3)

The amniotic fluid is then centrifuged to separate the amniotic fluid and foetal cells

Steps in amniocentesis (4)

The separated foetal cells will be used to obtain the karyotype

Steps in karyotyping (1)

A chemical is added into foetal cells/body tissue sample to stimulate mitosis

Steps in karyotyping (2)

Foetaal cell/body tissue sample is incubated for 2 or 3 days