Musculoskeletal System of Humans (1)

Biology

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Human skeletal system

Made up of the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Axial skeleton

Comprises the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum (breastbone).

Appendicular skeleton

The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

Human vertebral column

Consists of several parts of the vertebra, namely the cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra, sacrum and caudal

Neural canal

Each vertebra has an opening known as the neural canal

Spinal cord

Long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue located in the neural canal

Similarity between vertebrae

All vertebrae have spinous and transverse processes, centrum (except the atlas vertebra) and neural canal

Joints

Points where two or more bones meet, or cartilage and bones meet

3 Type of joints

Immovable joints, slightly moveable joints and freely moveable joints

Example of ball-and-socket joint

Shoulder joints between the humerus and pectoral girdle, and the hip joint between the femur and pelvic girdle.

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