Ionic and Covalent Compounds (4)

Chemistry

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Ionic and Covalent Compounds (4)

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The solubility of sodium chloride, NaCI in water (3)

Negative ion, Cl– will be attracted to the hydrogen atom of water molecule which is positively-charged

The solubility of sodium chloride, NaCI in water (4)

Attraction force between atom of water molecules with the ions of ionic compound are strong enough to overcome electrostatic attraction force between ions themselves

The solubility of sodium chloride, NaCI in water (5)

This enables most solid ionic compounds to be soluble in water

The formation of partial negative charge, δ− at the oxygen atom and partial positive charge, δ+ at the hydrogen atom (1)

In a water molecule, oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen atom

The formation of partial negative charge, δ− at the oxygen atom and partial positive charge, δ+ at the hydrogen atom (2)

This causes the electrons shared in the covalent bond to be pulled towards the oxygen atom

The formation of partial negative charge, δ− at the oxygen atom and partial positive charge, δ+ at the hydrogen atom (3)

The unequal sharing of electrons createsδ− at the oxygen atom and δ+ at the hydrogen atom

Two types of molecular structure for covalent compounds

Simple molecular structure and giant molecular structure

Structure of simple molecule

Small and simple structures can be found in the form of solids, liquids or gases

Structure of giant molecule of covalent compounds

Very large structure, usually exists as solids

Chemical bond of simple molecule of covalent compounds

Covalent bonds are strong in the molecules and Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules are wea

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