Cleaning Agents (2)

The function of soap and detergent

Acts as emulsifying agents because soap dan detergent molecules are soluble in oil or grease and water

Equations for ionisation of soap and detergent

Effectiveness of cleansing action of soap

Good cleaning agent in soft water, but forms scum in hard water and not effective in acidic water

Effectiveness of cleansing action of detergent

Good cleaning agent in soft water, no scum is formed in hard water and effective in acidic water

Detergents in general

Refer to soaps and detergents

The process of making soap

Soaps are produced from the neutralisation reaction between fatty acids and alkalis

Fatty acids

Are long-chain carboxylic acids

Sources of fatty acids

Can be obtained from natural esters in animal fats or vegetable oils

Examples of soaps (1)

Sodium laurate

Examples of soaps (2)

Sodium palmitate