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Chemistry
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Cleaning Agents (5)
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The product that will result from the alkaline hydrolysis of triglycerides
Will produce glycerol and soap (salts of fatty acids)
Saponication reaction to produce glycerol and soap (fatty acid salts)
Preparation of Detergents
Detergents are usually made from petroleum fractions and sulphuric acid, H2SO4
Two processes to produce detergent
- Sulphonation - Neutralisation
Example of detergent (1)
Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulphonate
Example of detergent (2)
Sodium Alkyl Sulphate
Step 1 in preparation of Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulphonate

Sulphonation of alkylbenzene: Alkylbenzene reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4 to form alkylbenzene sulphonic acid
Step 2 in preparation of Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulphonate

Neutralisation: Alkylbenzene sulphonic acid will be neutralised by sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution to produce alkylbenzene sulphonate salt, which is detergent
Step 1 in preparation of Sodium Alkyl Sulphate

Sulphonation of alcohol: Long chain alcohol reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4 to form alkyl sulphonic acid
Step 2 in preparation of Sodium Alkyl Sulphate

Neutralisation: Alkyl sulphonic acid will be neutralised by sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution to produce sodium alkyl sulphate, which is detergent
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