Cleaning Agents (4)

Structural formula of alkyl sulphonic

Structural formula of alkylbenzene sulphonic acid

Two general groups of detergents

- Sodium alkyl sulphate - Sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate

Structural formula of sodium alkyl sulphate

Structural formula of sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate

Preparation of Soap (1)

Soaps can be prepared from natural sources through hydrolysis of oils or fats in sodium hydroxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide, KOH solutions

Preparation of Soap (2)

The process of preparation of soap is called saponification, which is the process of hydrolysis of oils or fats by alkalis

Preparation of Soap (3)

Oils or fats react with concentrated alkalis to produce glycerol and fatty acid salts, which is soap

General equation of saponification reaction

Oil/Fat + Concentrated alkali → Soap + Glycerol

Natural esters known as triglycerides

Oils and fats