Carbohydrates

Elements of carbohydrates

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

The ratio of elements in carbohydrates

C: H: O = 1: 2: 1

Polymer

Consists of small molecules that produces a long chain of molecules

Monomer

Merupakan molekul kecil which known as building blocks

Major types of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides and polysaccharides (complex sugars)

Monosaccharides

1) The smallest units of carbohydrates 2) Examples of carbohydrates: glucose, fructose, and galactose 3) Reducing sugars

Disaccharides

1) Consists of two simple sugar molecules that bind through condensation and can be broken down into simple sugars through hydrolysis 2) Examples: maltose, sucrose and lactose

Disaccharides units

Glucose (glucose + glucose), sucrose (glucose + fructose) and lactose (glucose + galactose)

Polysaccharides

1) Consists of hundreds of monosaccharides that form a long chain of molecules 2) Insoluble in water due to large molecular size 3) Not sweet and crystalline

Examples of polysaccharides

Cellulose, starch, and glycogen

Biology

Question

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates