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| 2.5 |
Archimedes' Principle |
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Archimedes' principle |
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An object when partially or completely submerged in a fluid is acted on by a buoyant force equal to the weight of fluid displaced. |
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- Volume of water displaced = Volume of submerged objects
- Weight of water displaced = Buoyant force
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Buoyant force, \(F\) |
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\(F=\rho v g\), where F = buoyant force, \(\rho \) = density of the liquid, v = volume of liquid displaced, g = gravitational acceleration
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Archimedes' principle application
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- Submarine
- Dives (move downwards)
- Ballast tank is filled with water
- Weight greater than buoyant force (W > F)
- Submarine dives downwards
- Rises (move upwards)
- Water is removed from tank
- Weight less than buoyant force (W
- Submarine moves upwards
- Constant depth @ floats
- Hot air balloon
- Downwards
- Temperature decrease, volume of balloon decrease
- Volume of air displaced decrease
- Buoyant force decreases
- W>F
- Upwards
- Temperature increase, volume increase
- Volume of air displaced increase
- Buoyant force increases
- W
- Constant depth
- Plimsoll line
- In cooler or denser water, ship floats more.
- In warmer or less dense water, ship sinks more.
- Goal: to ensure the ship is loaded within safety limit
- Hydrometer
- In low-density liquid
- hydrometer sinks deeper
- give low readings
- In high-density liquid
- hydrometer floats higher
- give high readings
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