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Transformer |
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A tool that can increase or decrease the capacity of the alternating current supply. |
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There are two types of transformers which are step-up transformer and step-down transformer.
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- Step-up transformer
- Increase the potential difference or voltage.
 - \(V_s > V_p\), \(N_s > N_p\) , \(I_s < I_p\)
- Step-down transformer
- Lower the potential difference or voltage.
 - \(V_s < V_p\), \(N_s < N_p\), \(I_s > I_p\)
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Transformer formula |
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\(\dfrac {V_s}{V_p} = \dfrac {N_s}{N_p}\), where V = voltage and N = number of turns |
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Ideal transformer |
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A tool used to efficiently convert the input power to the output power without any heat loss to the environment.
It has \(100 \%\) efficiency.
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Formula |
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\(\begin {aligned} \text {Output power} &= \text {Input power} \\ P_s &= P_p \\ V_s \space I_s &= V_p \space I_p, \end {aligned} \)
\(\begin {aligned} \text {Efficiency} &= \dfrac {\text {Output power}}{\text {Input power}} \times 100\% \\ &= \dfrac {V_s \space I_s}{V_p \space I_p} \times 100\%. \end {aligned}\)
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