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Organ for Water and Mineral Salts Uptake

 
3.2 Organ for Water and Mineral Salts Uptake
 
The Important of Root
  • Rroots are involved directly in plant growth.
  • Organ of mineral and water uptake in root.
  • There are two main functions of roots:
    • Provide support and strength to anchor the plant in the soil.
    • Absorb water and mineral salts from the soil and transport them to the stem and leaves.
 
The image is an educational diagram titled ‘EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOTS’. It is divided into three sections, each labeled with a number and a specific part of the root: 1. Root collar 2. Root hairs 3. Root cap The diagram is simple and uses a light color scheme with orange headers for each section. The background is white, and there is a logo for ‘Pandai’ in the top left corner.
 
The External Structure of Roots and Their Functions
Structures Functions
Root collar
  • Part of the root connected to the base of the plant stem.
Root hairs
  • Adapted from epidermal cells of the roots.
  • Increases the total surface area of the roots to increase the uptake of water and mineral salts.
Root cap
  • Located at the tip of the root.
  • Protects the root from damage when going through the soil.
 
This image is a diagram titled ‘Internal Structures of Roots.’ It consists of four sections, each numbered and labeled. 1. The first section is labeled ‘Epidermis.’ 2. The second section is labeled ‘Cortex.’ 3. The third section is labeled ‘Endodermis.’ 4. The fourth section is labeled ‘Vascular cylinder.’ Each section is enclosed in an oval shape, with arrows indicating a sequence from 1 to 4. The diagram is presented with a clean, minimalist design and uses soft colors. The logo ‘Pandai’ is at the bottom center
 
The Internal Structure of Roots and Their Function
Structures Function
Epidermis
  • Epidermal cells are closely arranged.
  • Thin cell walls and water-permeable cell membranes facilitate water movement in the roots.
  • There are epidermal cells which form root hairs by elongating towards lateral sides from the outer walls.
  • Root hair cells are not layered with cuticle to allow water absorption.
  • The root hair cells also have big vacuoles to store water and mineral salts to increase water absorption.
Cortex
  • Cortex is located under the epidermal layer.
  • Has thin cell walls, facilitating water movement in the roots.
  • The cells are loosely arranged to facilitate gaseous exchange.
  • Most of the cortex consists of parenchyma cells.
Endodermis
  • Separating layer between cortex and vascular cylinder.
  • Endodermal cells are closely arranged and one cell thick.
  • Most of the endodermal cells have suberin or lignin thickening at the walls which form Casparian strips.
  • Endodermis allows water and mineral salts absorbed from the soil to enter the vascular cylinder, but not air bubbles.
Vascular cylinder
  • Vascular cylinder is the root core that consists of xylem and phloem tissues surrounded by one cell thick pericycle cell tissues.
  • Pericycle is involved in secondary growth and the formation of lateral roots.
  • Usually, xylem and phloem tissues are arranged in a star-shaped pattern.
  • Xylem tissue transports water and mineral salts, whereas phloem tissue transports organic substances such as sucrose and plant hormone.
 

 

 

 

 

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Chapter : Nutrition in Plants
Topic : Organs of Water Uptake and Mineral Salts
Form 5 Biology
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