Cell Division

5.1

Cell Division

1. Nucleus contains chromosomes

2. Chromosomes

3. Deoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA)

made up of nucleotide
each nucleotide consists of three components, deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
double helix

4. Gene

5. Gender

6. Mitosis is a cell division process that forms 2 identical daughter cells.

	Chromosome with two chromatids joined at the centromere
Prophase	Replication of chromosome occurs Chromosomes shorten and thicken Spindle fibres begin to form
Metaphase	Chromosome arrange at the equatorial plate of the cell
Anaphase	Pairs of chromatids seperate and move to the opposite poles of the cells
Telophase	Cytoplasm divides
	Two daughter cells are formed Same number of chromosomes as parent cell

7. Meiosis is a process where the cell divides into 4 distinct cells

	Parent cells with two pairs of chromosomes
Prophase I	Replication of chromosome occurs
Metaphase I	Crossing over occurs
Anaphase I	Homologous chromosomes seperate and move to opposite poles
Telophase I &cell division	Cytoplasm divides Two daughter cells are formed
Metaphase II	Pairs of chromatids separate and move to opposite poles Cytoplasms divides
Telophase II & cell division	Four daughter cells are formed Each daughter cells have half number of chromosome from parents

8. Similarities of mitosis and meiosis

9. Differences between mitosis and meiosis

Mitosis

Meiosis

Definition
Cell division in which a cell divides into 2 cells	Cell division in which a cell divides into 4 cells

Location of process
Meristem cells in plants Somatic cells in animals	Anther and ovary in plants Testis and ovary in animals

Number of daughter cells
2	4

Number of chromosomes in daughter cell
Same number of chromosomes of the parents	Half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Genetic make up in daughter cells
Identical	Different

Products
Cells for growth and repair	Gamates

Importance
For growth For tissue repair Asexual reproduction Maintenance and continuity of life	Produce gametes Produce variation