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Homologous Series
Carboxylic Acid
Functional group: carboxyl group,
\(-COOH\)
General formula:
\(C_nH_{2n+1}COOH\)
Naming carboxylic acid
Replacing the ‘ol’ at the end of alcohol name with ‘oic acid’.
Example: methan
ol
to methan
oic acid
.
Steps in naming a carboxylic acid
Determine the name of the main chain based on the number of carbon atoms in the longest and continuous carbon chain.
The numbering of the longest carbon chain starts from the carboxyl group.
Determine the position of the branch chain.
Example: Structural formula for 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid
Physical properties of ethanoic acid
A colourless solution at room temperature
Have a sour smell
Boiling point: 118°C
Volatile
Soluble in water
Uses of carboxylic acid
Fruits and vegetables contain carboxylic acid.
Orange has citric acid.
Milk becomes sour because of the lactic acid formed.
Used in daily life items;
Cosmetics
Liquid detergent
Used in the food industry;
Food flavouring
Food preservatives
Chapter : Carbon Compounds
Topic : Homologous Series
Form 5
Chemistry
View all notes for Chemistry Form 5
Related notes
Types of Carbon Compounds
Alkane
Alkene
Alcohol
Chemical Properties of Alkane
Chemical Properties of Alkene
Chemical Properties of Alcohol
Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acid
Ester
Isomerism
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