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Application of Nanotechnology in Industry

 
5.5  Application of Nanotechnology in Indutry
 
Definisi of Nanosscience
Study on the processing of substances at the nanoscale that is between 1 nanometre and 100 nanometres.
 
Definisi of Nanotechnology
Development of substances or gadgets using the properties of nanoparticles.
 
Size Comparison between Different Materials
This image is a comparative scale diagram showing the sizes of various objects, ranging from a water molecule (0.1 nm) to a watermelon (15 cm). The objects include gold nanoparticles (1 nm), a virus (100 nm), a human hair (100 µm), a coin (2 cm), a graphene sheet (1 nm), nanomaterials, a carbon nanotube diameter (5 nm), a red blood cell (10 µm), a full stop (1 mm), and a watermelon (15 cm). The scale bar at the top ranges from 10^-9 meters to 10^1 meters, illustrating the relative sizes of these objects.
 
This image is an infographic titled ‘APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE DAILY LIFE.’ It features a central box with the title, connected to six surrounding boxes. The surrounding boxes are labeled: ‘Food,’ ‘Agriculture,’ ‘Medical,’ ‘Textile,’ ‘Energy and electricity,’ and ‘Semiconductor and electronic.’ The design uses shades of blue and white, with the Pandai logo at the bottom right corner.
 
Application of Nanotechnology in Daily Life
Semiconductor and Electronic
  • Smaller and more efficient semiconductors.
  • High conductivity wiring system.
Energy and Electricity
  • Smaller and more efficient solar cells.
  • Long-lasting batteries.
Textile
  • Water, fire and dirt resistant fabrics.
  • Ani-wrinkle and UV protective fabrics.
Medical
  • Highly sensitive testing devices.
  • More effective drug delivery system.
Agricultural
  • More effective pesticides.
  • Highly efficient and thorough fertilisation.
Food
  • Nanoscale food additives.
  • Anti-microbial food packaging.
 
Development in the Field of Nanotechnology
  • The coverage of the field of nanotechnology is very wide, crossing various disciplines, including:
    • Physics
    • Chemistry
    • Biology
    • Medicine
    • Engineering
  • This contributes to the rapid research and development on applications of nanotechnology in various aspects of life.
  • As an example, a material that has become one of the main focuses is:
    • A carbon derivative that is known as graphene.
      • Graphene is one of the carbon allotropes, other than diamond and graphite, but has different characteristics from the rest.
      • The size of graphene measures from 0.1 nm, which makes graphene among the most important materials in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
      • Graphene sheets can be converted into other materials, including graphites, carbon nanotubes and fullerene balls.
 
Graphene
  • Graphene is one of the allotropes for carbon besides diamond and graphite.
  • Yet they have very different properties from each other
  • The 0.1 mm size of graphene makes graphene one of the important materials in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
  • Graphene sheets can produce a variety of other materials including:
    • Graphite
    • Carbon nanotubes
    • Fullerene balls
 
This is an infographic illustrating the physical properties of graphene. The central circle contains the text ‘Physical Properties of Graphene’ Surrounding it are six petal-shaped segments, each highlighting a different property: ‘Strong and hard,’ ‘Very low electrical resistance,’ ‘Impermeable,’ ‘Elastic,’ ‘Good conductor of heat and electricity,’ and ‘Transparent.’ The background is white, and the segments are in varying shades of blue. The Pandai logo is at the bottom right corner.
 
Chemical Properties of Graphene
  • Graphene sheets burn at a lower temperature than graphite
  • The most reactive carbon allotropes.
  • The chemical reaction of graphene is still being studied by researchers.
 
Uses of Graphene
Electronics
  • The arrangement of atoms in graphene makes it a superior conductor.
Censor
  • Graphene has a high surface area.
Biomedicals
  • Sensors, tissue engineering, drug delivery systems.
Polymers and Composite
  • The high mechanical strength makes graphene suitable as a polymer composite material.
Membrane
  • Water filtration.
  • Separation of water from gas mixtures.
Energy
  • Longer lasting, flexible and powerful battery.
  • Supercapacitor.
 

 

 

 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of Pandai.
Chapter : Consumers and Industrial Chemistry
Topic : Application of Nanotechnology in Industry
Form 5 Chemistry
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